發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 13:11

【摘要】：這些年來,隨著我國社會的不斷進(jìn)步和建筑技術(shù)的全面發(fā)展,中庭設(shè)計(jì)逐漸成為建筑設(shè)計(jì)的重要形式。與此同時,近年來發(fā)生了一些嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)事故,導(dǎo)致了大量的群眾傷亡,據(jù)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),消防安全疏散是導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)事故引起重大傷亡的重要因素�；诖�,關(guān)注建筑消防安全疏散問題意義重大。中庭類建筑數(shù)量的增長,也在一定程度上增加了火災(zāi)發(fā)生數(shù)量。相對普通建筑而言,中庭建筑表現(xiàn)出功能復(fù)雜、人員密集、可燃物多與火災(zāi)荷載大等特征。且中庭多被設(shè)計(jì)為共享空間,雖在設(shè)計(jì)上讓建筑內(nèi)部空間得以拓展,增強(qiáng)了建筑內(nèi)空間的視覺美感與效果,卻也增大了火災(zāi)隱患。一旦在這種空間中出現(xiàn)火災(zāi)問題,則會為撲救與疏散工作帶來極大困難,很容易造成重大人員傷亡和巨大財產(chǎn)損失。中庭類建筑形式,為建筑消防安全疏散帶來了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。針對中庭類建筑形式的消防疏散問題,我國尚未形成具體的法規(guī)政策來規(guī)范其研究。且在現(xiàn)有的規(guī)范中缺乏對中庭概念的準(zhǔn)確定義,同時單一的規(guī)范要求難以滿足形式多樣的中庭類建筑。因此,如何客觀科學(xué)的評價建筑中庭消防安全疏散現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)而起到為建筑中庭的消防安全疏散設(shè)計(jì)提供參考,為該類型建筑火災(zāi)預(yù)防、工程防火設(shè)計(jì)與消防決策等提供支持,成為了消防領(lǐng)域所面臨的迫切性問題。目前消防安全疏散決策研究大多僅從理論上針對某一指標(biāo)如只針對防排煙系統(tǒng)或防火分區(qū)等進(jìn)行評價。而對于某一特定建筑,評價其消防安全疏散的現(xiàn)狀優(yōu)劣通常是由多因素綜合作用的。因此,研究開發(fā)一個具有較好的人機(jī)對話界面、評價指標(biāo)全面、面向建筑中庭的消防安全疏散決策支持系統(tǒng),具有重大的理論與工程意義。本文通過分析現(xiàn)有建筑中庭消防安全疏散體系,將決策支持系統(tǒng)的思路引入到建筑中庭消防安全疏散工作中來,以綜合評級為目的,提出了構(gòu)建建筑中庭消防安全疏散決策支持系統(tǒng)的設(shè)想;參照國內(nèi)外安全疏散文獻(xiàn)資料和決策支持系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),根據(jù)建筑中庭消防安全疏散的有關(guān)法規(guī),提出建筑中庭消防安全疏散影響指標(biāo)體系及消防安全疏散現(xiàn)狀評級決策方法,并初步在平臺上研究設(shè)計(jì)了建筑中庭消防安全疏散決策支持系統(tǒng);選取了某市某建筑中庭作為實(shí)例研究對象,運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)得出該建筑中庭的消防安全疏散現(xiàn)狀等級,并對其存在的消防安全疏散問題提出了相應(yīng)的改善意見與措施。通過設(shè)計(jì)建筑中庭消防安全疏散決策支持系統(tǒng),能夠?yàn)檎毮懿块T提供有效的決策支持,提升政府職能管理部門的管理能力和效率。
[Abstract]:Over the years, with the continuous progress of our society and the overall development of building technology, atrium design has gradually become an important form of architectural design. At the same time, some serious fire accidents have occurred in recent years, resulting in a large number of casualties. According to the investigation, fire safety evacuation is an important factor leading to heavy casualties in fire accidents. Based on this, it is of great significance to pay attention to the problem of building fire safety evacuation. The increase in the number of atrium buildings also increased the number of fires to some extent. Compared with ordinary buildings, atrium buildings have the characteristics of complex functions, dense personnel, more combustible materials and large fire loads. And the atrium is often designed as shared space. Although the interior space of the building can be expanded in the design, it enhances the visual beauty and effect of the inner space of the building, but also increases the hidden danger of fire. Once there is fire problem in this kind of space, it will bring great difficulties to rescue and evacuation work, and it will easily cause heavy casualties and huge property losses. Atrium type of building form, for building fire safety evacuation has brought a severe challenge. In view of the fire-fighting evacuation of atrium building, our country has not formed specific laws and regulations to standardize its research. Moreover, there is a lack of accurate definition of atrium concept in the existing codes, and it is difficult for a single specification to meet the needs of various kinds of atrium buildings. Therefore, how to objectively and scientifically evaluate the present situation of fire safety evacuation in building atrium, and then provide reference for the fire safety evacuation design of building atrium, provide support for fire prevention of this type of building, fire prevention design of engineering and fire control decision, etc. It has become an urgent problem in the field of fire protection. At present, most of the researches on fire safety evacuation decision are based on a certain index, such as smoke control system or fire prevention zone. For a particular building, the evaluation of its fire safety evacuation status is usually caused by multiple factors. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study and develop a decision support system for fire safety evacuation with better man-machine dialogue interface, comprehensive evaluation index and oriented fire safety evacuation in building atrium. By analyzing the existing fire safety evacuation system in atrium, this paper introduces the idea of decision support system into the fire safety evacuation of building atrium, with the purpose of comprehensive rating. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing the decision support system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium, referring to the literature of safety evacuation at home and abroad and the successful experience of the development of decision support system, according to the relevant regulations of fire safety evacuation in building atrium. The influence index system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium and the decision making method of fire safety evacuation status are put forward, and the decision support system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium is studied and designed preliminarily on the platform. Taking the atrium of a building in a certain city as an example, the present situation of fire safety evacuation in the atrium of the building is obtained by the operating system, and the corresponding suggestions and measures are put forward to improve the fire safety evacuation problem. By designing a decision support system for fire safety evacuation in atrium, it can provide effective decision support for government functional departments and enhance the management ability and efficiency of government functional management departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU998.1

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