川西民居瓦石構造技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-07 11:33
【摘要】：時代變遷,現(xiàn)代技術型建筑更新迭代,沖擊了無數(shù)傳承幾千年的傳統(tǒng)建筑,將它們卷入了歷史浪濤之中。上千年一直傳承的建造技術、工具材料湮沒在了這場時代"浩劫"之中。許多技藝工種也將不復存在,這些平凡的工匠正是中國燦爛建筑文化中最平凡的締造者。他們靠著心口相傳,擁有高超的技術水平,但迫于知識水平無法將其記錄成冊,這些東西的消失將是中國的損失。作為建筑從業(yè)者,如何傳承與保護迫在眉睫。但如建筑先驅(qū)梁思成所講:"現(xiàn)代建造師毫不曾執(zhí)斧刃以施威,尤為動刀鑿以用事,稍習長短寬窄高低薄厚而已",由于歷來學者文人多以空間形態(tài)、尺度關系來定義傳統(tǒng)建筑,"不以刀斧為攻,難通繩墨之決",使得傳統(tǒng)工藝技術未能見經(jīng)傳。同時,在文物修繕保護方面,任務繁重,責任重大,但施工隊伍技術水平不斷下降,老工匠人數(shù)也越來越少,傳統(tǒng)技藝瀕于失傳。一些脫離了文化傳統(tǒng),充斥著現(xiàn)代技術的產(chǎn)物徒有其表,卻已失去了其本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵,而一大批古建、古街區(qū)、古鎮(zhèn)需要重建、改建、修繕,建立一套完整的施工技術規(guī)范,培養(yǎng)一批掌握傳統(tǒng)建造技術的新的技術人才表現(xiàn)得極其重要。本文著眼于傳統(tǒng)建筑瓦石構造技術的研究,將其限定于獨特的地域性空間—川西。筆者通過對川西地區(qū)現(xiàn)存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)建筑、街區(qū)、古鎮(zhèn)進行實地調(diào)研,并結合老工匠所述,從歷史文獻和現(xiàn)有實際情況兩方面入手,結合川西地區(qū)地理因素、環(huán)境因素、歷史因素以及人文因素,深入解析川西傳統(tǒng)民居構造技術。第一章為本文緒論,論述了本次研究的研究背景、研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)研究的內(nèi)容和方法。第二章結合本次調(diào)研情況,通過對川西地區(qū)獨特的自然環(huán)境、風俗文化和歷史變化因素進行描述,對由此所產(chǎn)生的川西地區(qū)特有的建筑類型進行概況性的描述,并結合建筑特點對所調(diào)研建筑的一些構造技術進行初步情況的介紹,方便以后進行深入研究。還將川西、川北、川南和《清工部工程做法》、《營造法式》的名詞術語進行歸納對比。第三章和第四章是本文的主體內(nèi)容,根據(jù)前期的調(diào)研成果結合文獻查閱,將川西地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)建造工具和傳統(tǒng)工匠進行描述,包括工具的使用方法、流程和部位,傳統(tǒng)工匠的工作內(nèi)容、流程和手法進行介紹。第四章是介紹川西民居不同建筑類型不同部位具體的施工方法和細節(jié)處理方式。第五章結合實際情況以及前面所述的施工方法,對建筑物可能出現(xiàn)的多種損壞形式進行詳細的修繕方法介紹。
[Abstract]:The changes of the times and the renewal of modern technical architecture have impacted numerous traditional buildings that inherited thousands of years. They have been involved in the historical waves. The construction technology that has been inherited for thousands of years has been lost in the "holocaust" of this era. Many of the technical works will not exist, and these ordinary craftsmen are the splendid construction of China. The most mundane builders in the construction culture have high technical level, but they cannot be recorded by the knowledge level. The loss of these things will be the loss of China. As a building practitioner, how to inherit and protect it is imminent. When the blade is used, it is especially a knife chisel to use things to study the length and width of the length and height. "Because many scholars have traditionally defined the traditional architecture with space form and scale relation," not with the axe for attack, and the difficult to pass the rope and ink ", which makes the traditional technology and technology fail to see the classics. At the same time, the task is heavy and the responsibility is heavy, but the responsibility is important, but in the preservation of cultural relics, the responsibility is heavy but the responsibility is important but The technical level of the construction team is declining, the number of old craftsmen is less and less, and the traditional skills are on the verge of loss. Some out of the cultural tradition, the products of modern technology have their own list, but they have lost their essential connotation, and a large number of ancient buildings, ancient streets and ancient towns need to be rebuilt, rebuilt, repaired, and set up a complete set of technical specifications, It is very important to cultivate a group of new technical talents with traditional construction technology. This article focuses on the research of the traditional building tile structure technology and defines it in the unique regional space - Western Sichuan. Through the field investigation of the existing traditional buildings, blocks and ancient towns in the west of Sichuan, the author combines the old craftsmen with the historical texts. Two aspects of the present actual situation, combined with the geographical factors, environmental factors, historical factors and human factors in Western Sichuan, the construction technology of traditional residence in Western Sichuan is deeply analyzed. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this paper. The research background, significance, the content and methods of the research are discussed. The second chapter is combined with this time. Through the description of the unique natural environment, customs, culture and historical change factors in the West Sichuan area, this paper gives a general description of the unique architectural type produced in the West Sichuan area, and introduces some construction techniques of the architecture in the light of the architectural features, which is convenient for further research. The third and fourth chapters are the main contents of this article. The traditional construction tools and traditional craftsmen in Western Sichuan are described, including the methods, processes and parts of the use of tools. The fourth chapter introduces the concrete construction methods and details of different parts of the different types of buildings in the west of Sichuan Province. The fifth chapter introduces a detailed repair method for the possible multiple damage forms of the building in combination with the actual situation and the construction methods described above.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.5
本文編號：2169887
[Abstract]:The changes of the times and the renewal of modern technical architecture have impacted numerous traditional buildings that inherited thousands of years. They have been involved in the historical waves. The construction technology that has been inherited for thousands of years has been lost in the "holocaust" of this era. Many of the technical works will not exist, and these ordinary craftsmen are the splendid construction of China. The most mundane builders in the construction culture have high technical level, but they cannot be recorded by the knowledge level. The loss of these things will be the loss of China. As a building practitioner, how to inherit and protect it is imminent. When the blade is used, it is especially a knife chisel to use things to study the length and width of the length and height. "Because many scholars have traditionally defined the traditional architecture with space form and scale relation," not with the axe for attack, and the difficult to pass the rope and ink ", which makes the traditional technology and technology fail to see the classics. At the same time, the task is heavy and the responsibility is heavy, but the responsibility is important, but in the preservation of cultural relics, the responsibility is heavy but the responsibility is important but The technical level of the construction team is declining, the number of old craftsmen is less and less, and the traditional skills are on the verge of loss. Some out of the cultural tradition, the products of modern technology have their own list, but they have lost their essential connotation, and a large number of ancient buildings, ancient streets and ancient towns need to be rebuilt, rebuilt, repaired, and set up a complete set of technical specifications, It is very important to cultivate a group of new technical talents with traditional construction technology. This article focuses on the research of the traditional building tile structure technology and defines it in the unique regional space - Western Sichuan. Through the field investigation of the existing traditional buildings, blocks and ancient towns in the west of Sichuan, the author combines the old craftsmen with the historical texts. Two aspects of the present actual situation, combined with the geographical factors, environmental factors, historical factors and human factors in Western Sichuan, the construction technology of traditional residence in Western Sichuan is deeply analyzed. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this paper. The research background, significance, the content and methods of the research are discussed. The second chapter is combined with this time. Through the description of the unique natural environment, customs, culture and historical change factors in the West Sichuan area, this paper gives a general description of the unique architectural type produced in the West Sichuan area, and introduces some construction techniques of the architecture in the light of the architectural features, which is convenient for further research. The third and fourth chapters are the main contents of this article. The traditional construction tools and traditional craftsmen in Western Sichuan are described, including the methods, processes and parts of the use of tools. The fourth chapter introduces the concrete construction methods and details of different parts of the different types of buildings in the west of Sichuan Province. The fifth chapter introduces a detailed repair method for the possible multiple damage forms of the building in combination with the actual situation and the construction methods described above.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.5
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