本文選題：定向斷裂爆破 + 刻槽藥柱�。� 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代工程當(dāng)中,巖石爆破技術(shù)已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用的越來越廣泛。但是傳統(tǒng)的爆破方法不容易控制,效率低下,安全性也不足。而定向爆破能夠精確的控制爆破后裂紋縫隙的產(chǎn)生、延伸、拓展方向和巖石斷裂面的形成。為了研究不同裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)形式刻槽藥柱的定向爆破斷裂能力,設(shè)計(jì)了豎向單縫刻槽藥柱、橫向刻槽藥柱以及豎向雙縫刻槽藥柱三種形式藥柱,開展三種藥柱的砂漿爆破模型試驗(yàn)研究。通過對(duì)三種不同形式的刻槽藥柱爆炸后的模型進(jìn)行取芯、切片處理,得到不同位置處的切片試件上的裂紋分布形式,根據(jù)模型迎爆側(cè)和背爆側(cè)的裂紋幾何特征的不同,分析出對(duì)巖石定向斷裂爆破最有效果的一種刻槽形式。同時(shí),在模型體內(nèi)預(yù)埋電阻應(yīng)變片,對(duì)爆破過程模型體內(nèi)爆炸應(yīng)力波進(jìn)行測(cè)試,根據(jù)不同位置的應(yīng)變片測(cè)得應(yīng)力波值的大小,進(jìn)一步分析了定向斷裂爆破作用機(jī)理。在三種不同的裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)刻槽藥柱中,豎向單縫刻槽藥柱在三種刻槽藥柱中在對(duì)模型定向斷裂的效果最佳。除去炮孔偏上部分的爆破沖孔作用,在豎向刻槽藥柱的模型試驗(yàn)中,試件上的裂紋形成很明顯的規(guī)律,迎爆側(cè)的裂紋要比背爆側(cè)的裂紋更加明顯,長(zhǎng)度也有所增加。形成的裂紋也比較集中,在各個(gè)方向形成的都是單個(gè)集中裂紋。橫向刻槽藥柱所形成的裂紋效果在定向爆破上要差了很多,不僅形成裂紋的模型區(qū)域要小很多,在裂紋的分布上也不集中,迎爆側(cè)沒有任何優(yōu)勢(shì)可言,不適合應(yīng)用于定向的斷裂爆破。對(duì)于豎向雙縫刻槽藥柱,模型中幾乎不存在可觀測(cè)的裂紋痕跡,效果不明顯。豎向單縫刻槽藥柱模型迎爆側(cè)的應(yīng)變片數(shù)值要大于同一高度的背爆側(cè)的應(yīng)變片數(shù)值。迎爆側(cè)的三個(gè)應(yīng)變片,二號(hào)中間位置的數(shù)值最大,上部數(shù)值最小。將所測(cè)得的應(yīng)變片數(shù)值大小與試驗(yàn)中的切片裂紋分布進(jìn)行對(duì)照分析,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了豎向單縫刻槽藥柱在巖石的定向斷裂爆破中的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:In modern engineering, rock blasting technology has been applied more and more widely. But the traditional blasting method is not easy to control, low efficiency and insufficient safety. Directional blasting can accurately control the generation, extension and extension of cracks after blasting and the formation of rock fracture surface. In order to study the fracture ability of trenched charge column with different charge structure, three types of charge columns, vertical single slot charge column, transverse slot charge column and vertical double slot charge column, were designed. The model test of three kinds of mortar blasting was carried out. By coring and slicing the models of three different types of notched charge columns after explosion, the distribution of cracks on the specimens at different positions is obtained. According to the different geometric characteristics of cracks in the exploding side and the back side of the model, It is analyzed that one of the most effective grooves for directional fracture blasting of rock. At the same time, the explosive stress wave in the blasting process model was tested by embedding the resistive strain gauge in the model. According to the magnitude of the stress wave measured by the strain gauge at different positions, the mechanism of directional fracture blasting was further analyzed. Among the three different charge structures, the vertical single slot charge column has the best effect on the model oriented fracture in the three grooved charge columns. Except for the blasting punching effect of the upper part of the hole, in the model test of the vertical notched charge column, the crack formation on the specimen is very obvious, the crack on the side of the face explosion is more obvious than the crack on the back side of the blasting, and the length of the crack is also increased. The cracks formed are also concentrated, and the single concentrated cracks are formed in all directions. The effect of the crack formed by the transverse notched charge column is much worse than that of the directional blasting. Not only the model area where the crack is formed is much smaller, but also the distribution of the crack is not concentrated. It is not suitable for directional fracture blasting. For vertical double-slit grooves, there is almost no visible crack trace in the model, and the effect is not obvious. The strain gauge value of the vertical single slot charge column model is larger than that of the back side of the same height. Of the three strain gauges on the flameside, the value of the middle position of No. 2 is the largest and the value of the upper part is the smallest. The numerical value of the strain gauge measured is compared with the crack distribution of the slice in the experiment, and the superiority of the vertical single slot explosive column in the directional fracture blasting of rock is further verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU746.5

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