本文選題：膜生物污染 + 超濾��； 參考：《天津工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：超濾(UF)工藝的發(fā)展為飲用水處理提供了一個新的發(fā)展方向。但膜污染控制仍然是UF技術(shù)應用中的瓶頸問題。其中生物污染對膜的破壞性最為嚴重,其污染也最難控制。磁性離子交換樹脂(MIEX)作為水處理中常用的吸附材料,與膜組合工藝被不少研究者所關(guān)注。本課題研究對比了單獨UF、MIEX-UF分體式和MIEX-UF 一體式三種工藝,系統(tǒng)考察了多周期運行工況下對不可逆污染的控制效果以及控制機理上的差異。本試驗以水體中常見的銅綠假單胞菌作為代表菌種,研究去除EPS的活細菌、未去除EPS的活細菌以及死細菌對超濾過程的膜生物污染,進行三種工藝超濾實驗,研究MIEX對于減緩膜生物污染的控制效果。利用激光共聚焦顯微鏡(CLSM)觀察細菌、蛋白質(zhì)和多糖在膜表面的累計情況。在此基礎(chǔ)上對MIEX-UF一體式組合工藝控制膜生物污染機理進行了深入系統(tǒng)的解析。在單獨UF過程中,根據(jù)單周期運行時間,得出死細菌菌液造成的膜生物污染最嚴重,其次是未去除EPS的活細菌,較輕的是去除EPS的活細菌。細菌死亡后會釋放大量的胞內(nèi)聚合物,其中包括一些腐殖質(zhì)、各種聚糖脂以及其他微生物的代謝產(chǎn)物,而這些物質(zhì)導致在膜表面形成一層具備微生物生存條件的生物膜,從而造成嚴重的膜生物污染。考察MIEX對膜生物污染的控制效果,結(jié)果表明MIEX的投加明顯提高工藝運行時間,對于去除EPS的活細菌、未去除EPS的活細菌和死細菌三種不同的污染物,MIEX-UF膜過濾時間較單獨UF分別延長了 38.1%、80.0%、181.8%,MIEX-UF 一體式工藝較單獨UF工藝能明顯減緩膜生物污染。在MIEX去除細菌的過程中,EPS及細菌分泌的胞內(nèi)聚合物起重要作用。MIEX對死細菌的去除率最大為42.51%,其次是未去除EPS的活細菌為39.26%,對去除EPS的活細菌去除率最低為26.58%。EPS的荷電性影響MIEX對細菌的去除。這是由于細菌分泌的物質(zhì)中有大量的蛋白質(zhì)和多糖,蛋白質(zhì)帶負電率先吸附到樹脂表面,是增大細菌與樹脂間的作用力�？疾觳煌琙eta電位的菌液與最大去除率之間的關(guān)系,得出隨著電負性的增加,MIEX對細菌的去除效率也在增加。MIEX是陰離子型交換樹脂,溶液的電負性越大,越容易與MIEX上的Cl-發(fā)生離子交換而被去除。對于三種菌液,MIEX控制膜生物污染中貢獻最大的都是M1EX顆粒在膜表面形成動態(tài)膜,分別占膜生物污染控制總貢獻比例的63%、58%和45%。MIEX-UF 一體式工藝運行過程中,通過微觀界面作用力分析,"MIEX-污染物""PVDF-污染物"界面作用力使得MIEX與有機物間更強的親和力致使有機物穿過MIEX顆粒動態(tài)膜時會被MIEX優(yōu)先捕獲,從而減少到達膜面及膜孔的微生物和EPS的量,有效的緩解膜生物污染。
[Abstract]:The development of ultrafiltration (UF) process provides a new direction for drinking water treatment. However, membrane fouling control is still a bottleneck in UF technology application. Among them, biological pollution is the most destructive to the membrane, and its pollution is also the most difficult to control. Magnetic ion exchange resin (miex) is a commonly used adsorption material in water treatment. In this paper, three separate and integrated UFU MIEX-UF processes are studied and compared, and the control effect and control mechanism of irreversible pollution under multi-cycle operation conditions are systematically investigated. In this experiment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is common in water, was used as the representative strain to study the membrane biofiltration of EPS removal bacteria, live bacteria without EPS removal and dead bacteria in ultrafiltration process. The control effect of miex on reducing membrane biological pollution was studied. The accumulation of bacteria, proteins and polysaccharides on the membrane surface was observed by laser confocal microscopy (CLSM). On this basis, the mechanism of membrane biological pollution control by MIEX-UF integrated process was analyzed systematically. In the process of single UF, according to the operating time of single cycle, it was concluded that the biofilm fouling caused by dead bacteria liquid was the most serious, followed by live bacteria without EPS removal and livebacteria with less EPS removal. When bacteria die, they release large amounts of intracellular polymers, including humus, glycans, and other microbial metabolites that lead to the formation of a microbial biofilm on the surface of the membrane. As a result, the membrane is polluted seriously. The control effect of miex on membrane biological fouling was investigated. The results showed that miex could significantly increase the operation time of the process and remove the living bacteria from EPS. The membrane filtration time of live bacteria and dead bacteria without EPS removal was 38.1% longer than that of UF alone, respectively. The MIEX-UF integrated process could significantly reduce the membrane biological pollution compared with the UF process alone. EPS and intracellular Polymers secreted by bacteria play an important role in the process of removing bacteria. MiEX has the highest removal rate of dead bacteria, followed by live bacteria that do not remove EPS, and the lowest removal rate of live bacteria that remove EPS is 26.58.EPS Electricity affects the removal of bacteria by miex. This is because there are a large number of proteins and polysaccharides in the substances secreted by bacteria, and the protein is first adsorbed on the resin surface with negative charge, which increases the interaction force between the bacteria and the resin. The relationship between the bacterial solution with different Zeta potential and the maximum removal rate was investigated. It was concluded that the removal efficiency of bacteria was also increased with the increase of electronegativity. Miex was anion exchange resin, and the electronegativity of the solution was higher. The easier it is to exchange ions with Cl- on miex, the less likely it is to be removed. The most important contribution of M1EX particles to the control of membrane biological pollution was the formation of dynamic membrane on the membrane surface, which accounted for 63% and 58% of the total contribution to the control of membrane biological pollution, respectively, and 45. MIEX-UF in the process of integrated process operation, and the results showed that M1EX particles formed a dynamic membrane on the membrane surface, which accounted for 63% or 58% of the total contribution to the control of membrane biological pollution. Through microcosmic interface force analysis, the interaction force between "miEX-pollutant" and "PVDF-pollutant" makes mix and organic matter stronger affinity so that organic matter will be preferentially captured by miex when it passes through mix particle dynamic membrane. In order to reduce the amount of microbes and EPS reaching the membrane surface and pore, effectively alleviate the membrane biological pollution.
【學位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU991.2

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