本文選題：建筑倒塌 + 利益相關(guān)方��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：最近加納的建筑物坍塌問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為一種嚴(yán)重威脅,幾乎每個(gè)月都有建筑倒塌,人們的生命遭受?chē)?yán)重威脅,財(cái)產(chǎn)遭到了嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。建筑的失效和坍塌一般有自然因素和人為因素,但重要的是人為因素,包括管理和設(shè)計(jì)因素。目前在加納還沒(méi)有研究人員對(duì)建筑物倒塌進(jìn)行過(guò)系統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)分析,因此需要在建筑技術(shù)和建設(shè)管理方面找到一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的解決問(wèn)題的新方法來(lái)預(yù)防建筑物倒塌。本文重點(diǎn)研究利益相關(guān)者在建筑物坍塌問(wèn)題中所扮演的角色以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施。本研究采用定量和定性相結(jié)合的混合研究方法,在收集數(shù)據(jù)方面,在加納的兩個(gè)主要城市阿克拉和庫(kù)馬西,對(duì)政府監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的16個(gè)專(zhuān)家和專(zhuān)業(yè)人士進(jìn)行了采訪;此外,104個(gè)利益相關(guān)者包括建筑承包商、工匠、工人和業(yè)主等進(jìn)行了采樣問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在加納建筑物倒塌的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)城市的普遍現(xiàn)象,這是由于部分承包商對(duì)建筑法規(guī)的不重視、缺乏監(jiān)控和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)督、設(shè)計(jì)失誤導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)失效等。分析建筑物倒塌的原因,業(yè)主認(rèn)為承包商和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的失職是導(dǎo)致建筑物大量倒塌的原因。研究還指出,在法律框架下,建立監(jiān)管體系以及審查機(jī)構(gòu),引入監(jiān)測(cè)、監(jiān)督和執(zhí)行等法律法規(guī)機(jī)制,才能有效防止建筑物在加納的倒塌。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)(78.8%)的受訪者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)行的主客觀原因?qū)е铝私ㄖㄒ?guī)實(shí)施不到位,如法規(guī)的執(zhí)行不力、對(duì)現(xiàn)行法律的教育不夠、法律不能與時(shí)俱進(jìn)等。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃部門(mén)沒(méi)有充分考慮到行政執(zhí)法和公眾教育的基本關(guān)系,處理好這兩者的關(guān)系可以有效預(yù)防建筑物倒塌,可以使政府各職能部門(mén)有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。研究還建議增加建筑法規(guī)監(jiān)督員,為此城市規(guī)劃部門(mén)應(yīng)該為督察員提供足夠的裝備交通條件和增加監(jiān)督員的履職能力。政府應(yīng)該在公共教育電視和電臺(tái)加大宣傳力度,讓人們充分了解現(xiàn)有的建筑法規(guī)和執(zhí)法要求。此外,私人開(kāi)發(fā)商和業(yè)主必須雇傭結(jié)構(gòu)工程師、項(xiàng)目分包給專(zhuān)業(yè)的承包商、聘請(qǐng)合格的設(shè)計(jì)師以及購(gòu)買(mǎi)高質(zhì)量的建筑材料等。再次,大都會(huì)議會(huì)、市政議會(huì)和區(qū)議會(huì)應(yīng)該立法確保人們不在沒(méi)有分區(qū)和規(guī)劃的土地上建設(shè),杜絕減少未經(jīng)授權(quán)的建筑項(xiàng)目。政府應(yīng)該設(shè)立特別法庭,起訴無(wú)視或違反建筑法規(guī)的案件,加大罰款力度等懲罰措施,確保在該地區(qū)的建設(shè)符合建筑法規(guī)要求。城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃法規(guī)制定部門(mén)和執(zhí)法部門(mén)應(yīng)該在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下運(yùn)作,以確保法規(guī)執(zhí)行的有效性和執(zhí)行效率,因?yàn)樗麄兊墓δ苁腔パa(bǔ)的,當(dāng)兩者組合在一起時(shí),他們可以協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)、各負(fù)其責(zé),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)效益的最大化,達(dá)到有效制止建筑物倒塌的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The collapse of Garner's buildings has been a serious threat recently, with buildings collapsing almost every month, serious threats to people's lives, and serious loss of property. The failure and collapse of buildings are generally natural and human factors, but human factors, including management and design factors, are currently in Garner. No researchers have made a systematic academic analysis of the collapse of the building, so it is necessary to find a new method to prevent the collapse of the building in the construction technology and construction management. This paper focuses on the role of the stakeholders in the collapse of the building and the countermeasures. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to collect data on 16 experts and professionals of government regulators in two major cities of Garner, Accra and Kumasi. In addition, 104 stakeholders, including construction contractors, craftsmen, workers and owners, conducted questionnaires. It has been found that the collapse of the Garner building has become a common phenomenon in a city. This is due to the lack of attention to the construction regulations by some contractors, the lack of supervision and supervision, the failure of the design and the failure of the structure, etc. Analysis of the causes of the collapse of the buildings, the owners believe that the negligence of the contractors and regulators is the construction of the building. The study also pointed out that, under the legal framework, the establishment of regulatory systems and censorship, the introduction of monitoring, supervision and enforcement mechanisms can effectively prevent buildings from collapsing in Garner. The study found that most of the respondents (78.8%) recognized the current subjective and objective reasons for the lack of construction laws and regulations. If the law is not carried out, the education of the current law is not enough, the law can not keep pace with the times, the research also finds that the urban and rural planning departments have not fully taken into account the basic relationship between the administrative law enforcement and the public education, and the relationship between the two can effectively prevent the collapse of the buildings and make the various functional departments of the government run effectively. It is suggested that the supervisor should be added to the building code. Therefore, the urban planning department should provide the inspectors with sufficient equipment and traffic conditions and increase the ability to perform their duties. The government should increase publicity on the public education television and radio stations to make people fully understand the existing construction regulations and law enforcement requirements. In addition, private developers and owners must Hired structural engineers, projects are subcontracted to professional contractors, qualified designers and high quality building materials. Thirdly, the metropolitan Council, municipal councils and district councils should legislate to ensure that people do not build land without partitions and planning, and eliminate unauthorized construction projects. The government should set up special projects. The tribunal, the prosecution of cases of disregard of or violation of the building code, and the increase of penalties such as fines to ensure that construction in the area meets the requirements of the construction regulations. The urban and rural planning regulations and law enforcement departments should operate under a unified leadership in order to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the regulations because their functions are Complementary, when the combination of the two is together, they can cooperate with each other and take their respective responsibilities. They can achieve the maximization of social benefits and achieve the goal of effectively stopping the collapse of the buildings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU312.3

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