本文選題：PMMA + 棉布��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著時代的發(fā)展,大體量、多功能的公共建筑層出不窮。建筑內使用的可燃、易燃材料的數(shù)量和種類都迅速增加,建筑內裝飾裝修用的材料多為薄型可燃易燃材料,如有機玻璃、裝飾簾布、懸掛廣告布、壁紙等。這些薄型材料可以分為兩類:非碳化和碳化材料。這些易燃的薄型材料,一旦接觸到火源或高溫熾熱物體就會迅速燃燒,極易引燃相鄰的可燃物,造成大面積的火災。而目前國內外對薄型材料的研究多基于某種尺寸材料的豎向順流火蔓延,以及對墻面貼壁火或兩面臨空的火蔓延研究。對于不同受限距離以及和寬度耦合作用下的豎向逆流火蔓延缺乏相應的理論和實驗研究。本文設計了非碳化薄型材料PMMA和碳化薄型材料棉布兩種類型的豎向逆流火蔓延實驗。實驗設置了4種受限距離,分別為7 mm、13 mm、19 mm和25mm,同時設置了3種寬度,分別為50 mm、100 mm和150 mm。在此基礎上展開了24組72次逆流火蔓延實驗,探究了薄型材料PMMA和棉布在不同受限距離和不同寬度條件下豎向逆流火蔓延特性。主要研究火焰前沿、火焰高度Hf、熱解前鋒xp、火蔓延速率vp、燃盡前鋒xb和熱解長度Lp等火蔓延特性參數(shù)。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),非碳化材料PMMA的火焰形狀為鋸齒形,且受限距離為13 mm時的火焰前沿角變化幅度最大,而寬度為150 mm時火焰前沿角變化幅度最大。棉布的火焰形狀為矩形,寬度為50 mm時,火焰前沿角變化幅度和100 mm接近;受限距離為13 mm時火焰前沿角變化幅度最小,7 mm時變化幅度最大。對于PMMA,當寬度相同時,受限距離的臨界值為13 mm,且該臨界值時各特性參數(shù)最大,7 mm時特性參數(shù)最小,總體表現(xiàn)為隨著受限距離的增大,各特性參數(shù)先增大后減小。當受限距離相同時,熱解前鋒、燃盡前鋒和火蔓延速率隨著寬度的增加而增大,且都近似冪函數(shù)的增長模式,其通式分別為x_i=a_i+b_i·t~c_i，v_j=a_i·t~b_i。火焰高度和熱解長度表現(xiàn)為寬度為150 mm時最大,100 mm時最小,無量綱火焰高度50 mm時最大,100 mm時最小。對于棉布,當寬度相同時,受限距離的臨界值為13 mm,且該臨界值時各特性參數(shù)最小,7 mm時特性參數(shù)最大,總體表現(xiàn)為隨著受限距離的增大,各特性參數(shù)先減小后增大。當受限距離相同時,熱解前鋒、燃盡前鋒和火蔓延速率隨著寬度的增加而增大,呈現(xiàn)一次函數(shù)增長模式,其通式分別為x_j=a_j+b_j·t，，v_j=a_j+b_j·t。無量綱火焰高度和熱解長度隨著寬度的增大而減小。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, large-volume, multi-functional public buildings emerge in endlessly. The number and types of combustible materials used in buildings are increasing rapidly. The materials used for decoration and decoration are mostly thin flammable materials, such as organic glass, decorative curtains, hanging advertising cloth, wallpaper and so on. These thin materials can be divided into two categories: non-carbonized and carbonated materials. These flammable thin materials will burn quickly once they come into contact with the source of fire or hot objects at high temperature, which can easily ignite the adjacent combustible materials, resulting in a large area of fire. At present, most of the researches on thin materials are based on vertical downstream fire spread of certain size materials, and on wall fire or fire spread on both sides. There are few theoretical and experimental studies on the vertical countercurrent spread under the coupling of different limited distances and widths. In this paper, the vertical countercurrent fire propagation experiments of PMMA and cotton cloth with non-carbonized thin materials are designed. Four kinds of limited distances (7 mm / 13 mm / 19 mm and 25 mm) and three widths of 50 mm / 100 mm and 150 mm / m were set respectively. On this basis, 24 groups of 72 times countercurrent fire propagation experiments were carried out, and the vertical countercurrent fire propagation characteristics of thin PMMA and cotton cloth were investigated under different limited distances and different widths. The flame front, the flame height HF, the pyrolysis front xp, the fire spread rate VP, the burnout front xb and the pyrolysis length LP are studied. The experimental results show that the flame shape of PMMA is serrated, and the flame front angle of PMMA is the largest when the confined distance is 13 mm, and the flame front angle is the biggest when the width is 150 mm. The flame angle of cotton cloth is rectangular, and when the width is 50 mm, the change amplitude of the flame front angle is close to 100 mm, while the change amplitude of the flame front angle is the biggest when the limiting distance is 13 mm. For PMMAs, when the width is the same, the critical value of the restricted distance is 13 mm, and the critical value of each characteristic parameter is the minimum at the maximum value of 7 mm. The overall performance is that with the increase of the limited distance, the characteristic parameters increase first and then decrease. When the limited distance is the same, the pyrolysis forward, the burnout forward and the fire spread rate increase with the increase of the width, and are similar to the growth mode of the power function. The flame height and pyrolysis length are the minimum when the width is 150 mm and the maximum is 100 mm when the dimensionless flame height is 50 mm. For cotton cloth, when the width is the same, the critical value of limited distance is 13 mm, and the maximum characteristic parameter is at the minimum of 7 mm at this critical value. The overall performance is that with the increase of the limited distance, the characteristic parameters decrease first and then increase. When the limited distance is the same, the pyrolysis front, the burnout forward and the fire spread rate increase with the increase of the width, and the primary function growth mode is presented. The dimensionless flame height and pyrolysis length decrease with the increase of width.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU502

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