發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-16 22:31

  本文選題：水柱分離 + 長距離平坦管路��； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展和人口的快速增加,人們對(duì)水的需求急劇增加。然而,我國水資源的分布受降水的影響,空間分布表現(xiàn)為南多北少、東多西少。為了解決水資源在空間上分布不均勻的問題,長距離輸水工程應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,而且越來越得到重視。長距離輸水工程建設(shè)中投入了大量的人力和財(cái)力,一旦發(fā)生事故,不僅造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,更會(huì)造成不好的社會(huì)影響,因此,保證輸水管線安全運(yùn)行非常重要。在實(shí)際工程中,我們需要對(duì)輸水管線進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的水錘計(jì)算分析,根據(jù)分析結(jié)果選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的水錘防護(hù)措施從而保證長距離輸水工程的安全運(yùn)行。本文簡要的闡述了長輸壓力管道氣液兩相流的流動(dòng)特性和管道中氣囊的升壓原理及常用的排氣方式。文中詳細(xì)敘述了水錘數(shù)值模擬的特征線法,以特征線法為基礎(chǔ)建立了如水泵、水池等特殊邊界點(diǎn)在瞬變流過程中的數(shù)學(xué)模型;同時(shí)分析了蒸汽型和空氣型兩類斷流空腔的產(chǎn)生原理及邊界控制方程。全面的剖析了各類長距離輸水過程中常用水錘防護(hù)設(shè)備的功能和適用條件,并推導(dǎo)了作為特殊邊界點(diǎn)的控制方程;介紹了采用計(jì)算機(jī)語言編寫計(jì)算源程序的流程。在長距離平坦管路輸水工程中,水泵揚(yáng)程較低,水泵機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較小,管線較長,在停泵過程中水錘升壓泵站附近及管線中往往會(huì)發(fā)生水柱分離和嚴(yán)重的空腔彌合水錘危害,而且管線坡度小,缺乏排氣動(dòng)力,管道中極易存氣而產(chǎn)生壓力振蕩,故對(duì)其進(jìn)行水錘模擬計(jì)算具有重要意義。在論文的最后,以湖北應(yīng)城市城市供水漢江飲用水工程為例,建立了伴有水柱分離的長距離平坦管路的水錘計(jì)算模型,模擬計(jì)算了在事故停泵時(shí)管路的水錘升壓情況,進(jìn)行了普通排氣閥、恒速緩沖排氣閥、超壓泄壓閥、空氣罐、箱式雙向調(diào)壓塔等多種水錘方案的比較分析,最終得出了選擇以恒速緩沖排氣閥作為最佳的排氣設(shè)備,以箱式雙向調(diào)壓塔作為經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的穩(wěn)壓設(shè)備,采用兩者聯(lián)合的防護(hù)方案為最佳防護(hù)方案。本文對(duì)類似輸水工程的水錘防護(hù)提供了一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of social economy and the rapid increase of population, people's demand for water has increased sharply. However, the distribution of water resources in China is affected by precipitation. The spatial distribution of water resources in China is as follows: more in the south, less in the north, less in the east and less in the west. In order to solve the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in space, long distance water conveyance projects have emerged as the times require, and more attention has been paid to them. A large amount of manpower and financial resources have been invested in the construction of long-distance water conveyance project. Once an accident occurs, it will not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause bad social impact. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the safe operation of water pipeline. In the actual engineering, we need to calculate and analyze the water hammer in detail, and select the economical and reasonable water hammer protection measures according to the analysis results to ensure the safe operation of the long distance water conveyance project. In this paper, the flow characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow in long distance pressure pipeline, the principle of air bag pressure rise and the usual exhaust mode are briefly described. In this paper, the characteristic line method for numerical simulation of water hammer is described in detail. Based on the characteristic line method, the mathematical model of special boundary points such as water pump and pool in transient flow process is established. At the same time, the generation principle and boundary control equation of two types of steam type and air type cutoff cavity are analyzed. In this paper, the functions and applicable conditions of various kinds of water hammer protection equipment used in long distance water conveyance are analyzed, and the control equations as special boundary points are deduced, and the flow chart of calculating source program with computer language is introduced. In the water conveyance project of long distance flat pipeline, the pump head is low, the moment of inertia of pump unit is smaller and the pipeline is longer. In the process of pump stopping, water column separation and serious cavity closing will often occur in the vicinity of water hammer pressure booster pump station and in the pipeline. Because of the small slope of pipeline and the lack of exhaust power, it is easy to store gas in the pipeline and produce pressure oscillation, so it is of great significance to simulate and calculate the water hammer. At the end of the paper, taking the Hanjiang drinking water project of Hubei Yingcheng water supply as an example, the water hammer calculation model of the long distance flat pipe with water column separation is established, and the water hammer pressure rise of the pipeline when the pump is stopped in the accident is simulated and calculated. The comparison and analysis of various water hammer schemes, such as common exhaust valve, constant speed buffer exhaust valve, overpressure relief valve, air tank, and box-type bi-directional pressure regulating tower, are carried out. Finally, it is concluded that the constant speed buffer exhaust valve is chosen as the best exhaust equipment. The box-type bi-directional pressure regulating tower is used as the economical and effective equipment for stabilizing the pressure, and the combined protection scheme is adopted as the best protection scheme. This paper provides some reference for water hammer protection of similar water conveyance projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.39

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本文編號(hào)：2028329