本文選題：高大空間 + 透明圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)總面積��； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源消耗現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是中國(guó)的一個(gè)重要問題,其中建筑能耗已約占總能耗的23%,特別是作為建筑能耗的主要組成部分的供暖供冷能耗。在冬季需要熱風(fēng)供暖的高大建筑空間中,由于浮力的作用,熱空氣會(huì)上浮,驅(qū)使室內(nèi)熱量在空間上部積累,從而導(dǎo)致下部人員空間的氣溫相對(duì)較低,故熱風(fēng)供暖時(shí)的能耗問題一直是暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。近年來,透明圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(玻璃窗)的面積比逐漸增大,進(jìn)一步加劇了高大空間熱風(fēng)供暖時(shí)室內(nèi)空間上部熱空氣積累與下部人員空間熱量需求之間的矛盾。當(dāng)建筑側(cè)墻上玻璃面積比例較大時(shí),由于內(nèi)表面溫度相對(duì)較低,使其附近空氣降溫下沉并在下部堆積,從而導(dǎo)致高大空間室內(nèi)上下溫差過大的現(xiàn)象。本文首先通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬方法的可信度和準(zhǔn)確性,然后將數(shù)值模擬方法應(yīng)用于本文需要研究的高大空間。利用數(shù)值模擬方法探究了透明圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)面積和位置對(duì)高大空間熱風(fēng)供暖效果的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,天窗表面附近冷空氣的下沉氣流對(duì)上浮熱氣流造成了干擾作用,減小了室內(nèi)熱力分層現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)送風(fēng)速度和風(fēng)口面積一定時(shí),溫度梯度隨著平天窗面積的增大而減小。隨著平天窗玻璃面積增大,高大空間上部溫度明顯下降,但人員空間溫度下降幅度并不大。當(dāng)側(cè)墻上有較大玻璃面積時(shí),由于側(cè)窗表面附近冷空氣沿著冷表面下沉到地面附近,同時(shí)進(jìn)一步阻止了送風(fēng)熱氣流進(jìn)入人員空間,造成室內(nèi)溫度分層現(xiàn)象明顯,側(cè)墻上的玻璃面積的增大則會(huì)顯著增大室內(nèi)垂直溫度分布并大幅降低人員空間溫度。因此,在窗戶位置由屋頂向側(cè)墻遷移過程中,即使玻璃總面積不變,人員空間溫度也會(huì)明顯下降并且室內(nèi)垂直溫度梯度增大。天窗面積和側(cè)窗面積的增加均會(huì)增大能耗,但天窗面積增加造成的能耗增量不明顯,并且降低了室內(nèi)垂直溫度梯度,而側(cè)窗面積增加則會(huì)大幅度增強(qiáng)室內(nèi)熱力分層現(xiàn)象,并明顯提高了供暖能耗。為改善透明圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)面積較大的高大空間的供暖效果,提高送風(fēng)速度能夠降低室內(nèi)垂直溫度梯度,具有較好的改善效果。而提高送風(fēng)溫度的改善效果甚微,甚至反而增大了室內(nèi)垂直溫度梯度,能量利用系數(shù)下降。
[Abstract]:Energy consumption is now an important problem in China, of which building energy consumption has accounted for about 23% of the total energy consumption, especially as the main component of building energy consumption. In the tall building space that needs hot air heating in winter, the thermal air will float up because of the effect of buoyancy, which drives the indoor heat to accumulate in the upper space. As a result, the temperature of the lower staff space is relatively low, so the energy consumption of hot air heating has always been the focus in the field of HVAC. In recent years, the area ratio of the transparent enclosure structure (glass window) has gradually increased, which further aggravates the accumulation of hot air in the upper space and the space heat of the lower staff in the upper space of the high space hot air heating. When the glass area is large in the wall of the building, the temperature of the surrounding air is cooled down and accumulated in the lower part due to the relatively low temperature of the inner surface of the wall, which leads to the excessive temperature difference between the upper and lower rooms in the large space. The numerical simulation method is applied to the large space which is needed to be studied in this paper. The effect of the area and position of the transparent enclosure on the heating effect of the tall space is explored by numerical simulation. The results show that the downdraft of cold air near the surface of the skylight has a interference effect on the floating heat flow and reduces the indoor thermal power. The temperature gradient decreases with the increase of the flat window area when the air velocity and the area of the tuyere are fixed. As the glass area of the flat skylight increases, the temperature of the upper space is obviously decreased, but the decrease of the temperature of the personnel space is not significant. When there is a large glass surface on the side wall, the cold air near the side window surface is along the cold air. When the surface is down to the ground, it can further prevent the air flow into the staff space, and the indoor temperature stratification is obvious. The increase of the glass area on the side wall will significantly increase the vertical temperature distribution in the room and greatly reduce the space temperature of the personnel. Therefore, the position of the window door is from the roof to the side wall, even if it is moved. When the total area of the glass is constant, the temperature of the personnel space will decrease obviously and the vertical temperature gradient in the room increases. The increase of the skylight area and the side window area will increase the energy consumption, but the increase of energy consumption caused by the increase in the area of the skylight is not obvious, and the vertical temperature gradient in the room is reduced, while the increase of the side window area will greatly enhance the indoor thermal stratification. In order to improve the heating effect of large space with large area of transparent enclosure, improving the air supply speed can reduce the vertical temperature gradient in the room, and it has a good improvement effect. The improvement effect of the air supply temperature is very little, even the vertical temperature gradient in the room and the energy utilization coefficient are increased. Drop.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU832

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