本文選題：低矮房屋 + 開孔房屋　； 參考：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大量的災后調(diào)查表明:在強風中,低矮房屋通常是以圍護結構破壞為主要破壞模式,當墻上或屋面出現(xiàn)損毀后,雨水滲透到房屋內(nèi)部結構會導致更加嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失,甚至房屋倒塌而危害到人們的生命安全,這些破損甚至倒塌是導致風災損失巨大的重要原因。此外,破損的圍護結構構件以及建筑周圍環(huán)境中的殘骸,如玻璃、屋面板、石子、生活垃圾等殘骸有可能成為飛擲物,從而威脅風向下游處建筑的圍護結構安全。因此研究強風引起的低矮房屋的圍護結構破壞以及飛擲物對圍護結構的影響對于防災減災和風險控制有重要意義。本文的主要工作有以下幾點:(1)介紹了房屋外門窗的飛擲物沖擊破壞模型以及模型中各參數(shù)的意義和取值,分析了風速和門窗面積比對破壞概率的影響,該模型的破壞概率對風速非常敏感,在低風速下門窗面積比對破壞概率的影響不大,隨風速增加,門窗面積比的對破壞概率的影響變大。(2)基于非定常伯努利方程推導了墻面存在單開孔和多開孔情況下的內(nèi)壓控制方程,根據(jù)開孔處的外壓分別計算了迎風墻存在單開孔,雙開孔和三開孔時的內(nèi)壓響應,發(fā)現(xiàn)單開孔時內(nèi)壓響應時程和外壓幾乎是一致的,內(nèi)壓的振幅略微大于外壓的振幅,且可以從功率譜密度圖看出有明顯的共振峰;在雙開孔時內(nèi)壓響應由兩個開孔同時控制,但如果其中一個開孔較大則內(nèi)壓由該開孔處的外壓主導,內(nèi)壓響應接近較大的開孔外壓,如果兩個開孔大小非常接近則內(nèi)壓接近兩個外壓的平均值;在三開孔時內(nèi)壓響應受多個開孔共同控制,內(nèi)壓跟三個開孔處的外壓都有較高的相關性,從功率譜密度圖未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的共振。(3)外門窗在風壓和飛擲物作用下發(fā)生破壞使房屋產(chǎn)生內(nèi)壓響應,從而屋面的抬升力在內(nèi)壓和屋面外壓共同作用下增大,導致屋面板的失效概率增加。在風向垂直于門窗所在的墻面時屋面板的破壞概率最大,在風向平行于門窗所在墻面時屋面板的破壞概率最小。
[Abstract]:A large number of post - disaster investigations show that in strong winds, low houses are usually destroyed by the structure of the enclosure. When the walls or roofs are damaged, the infiltration of rainwater into the internal structure of the house will cause more serious economic losses, even the collapse of the house which endangers the safety of the people. These breakages and even the collapse are caused by the wind. In addition, the wreckage of damaged enclosure structures and the debris in the surrounding environment, such as glass, roof panel, stone, and living waste, may be a flying object that threatens the safety of the enclosure structure downstream of the wind. The impact of throwing objects on the enclosure structure is of great significance to disaster prevention and mitigation and risk control. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the impact damage model of the flying objects and the significance and value of the parameters in the model are introduced. The influence of wind speed and the area of door and window on the failure probability and the failure probability of the model are analyzed. It is very sensitive to wind speed. In low wind speed, the effect of window area ratio on failure probability is little, with the increase of wind speed and the effect of area ratio of doors and windows on failure probability. (2) based on the unsteady Bernoulli equation, the internal pressure control equation of wall face with single opening and multiple opening is deduced, and the windward wind is calculated according to the external pressure at the opening. The internal pressure response of the wall with single opening, double opening and three opening is found. It is found that the internal pressure response time and external pressure are almost identical in the single opening. The amplitude of internal pressure is slightly larger than the amplitude of external pressure, and the obvious resonance peak can be seen from the power spectral density diagram; the internal pressure response is controlled by two openings at the same time, but if one of them is in one of the open holes. The inner pressure is dominated by the external pressure at the opening, and the internal pressure response is close to the larger opening pressure. If the size of the two openings is very close, the internal pressure is close to the average of the two external pressures; the internal pressure response is controlled by multiple openings at three openings, and the internal pressure is closely related to the external pressure at the three openings, from the power spectrum density. No obvious resonance was found in the degree chart. (3) the failure of the outer doors and windows under the action of wind pressure and flying objects caused the internal pressure response to the house, thus increasing the internal pressure of the roof and the external pressure of the roof, which resulted in the increase of the failure probability of the roof panel. The failure probability of roof panels is parallel to that of windows and doors.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU746

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本文編號：1979372