本文選題：瑞雷波 + 探地雷達(dá)��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：塔是一種在亞洲常見的,有著特定形式和風(fēng)格的中國傳統(tǒng)建筑。最初是供奉或收藏佛骨、佛像、佛經(jīng)、僧人遺體等的高聳型點(diǎn)式建筑。處于少數(shù)民族聚集區(qū)的云南芒洪八角塔是全國重要保護(hù)文物,集佛教、儒家和道教與一身的建筑更是絕無僅有。然而如今八角塔年久失修塔身向北傾斜,塔體也出現(xiàn)了開裂現(xiàn)象。為了防止八角塔在重力作用下繼續(xù)傾斜,迫切需要利用一種不會(huì)對(duì)塔身塔基造成傷害的探測(cè)辦法,能針對(duì)八角塔的內(nèi)部裂縫以及塔基不牢固的問題進(jìn)行無損探測(cè),以便后期修繕工作的開展。探地雷達(dá)和瑞雷面波探測(cè)由于其高分辨率、高效率以及不對(duì)探測(cè)目標(biāo)構(gòu)成損傷等特點(diǎn),故被已諸多被用于地基的掩埋部分以及建筑物本體固結(jié)情況的探測(cè)。本文首先利用探地雷達(dá)的高分辨率特性對(duì)塔體內(nèi)部損傷和裂縫進(jìn)行探測(cè);進(jìn)而利用瑞雷面波分析近地表速度結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)塔基周圍地層的探測(cè),結(jié)合工程地質(zhì)信息,推斷塔身傾斜的原因,為保護(hù)文物和后期修繕提供依據(jù)。本文以八角塔為研究對(duì)象,通過在塔基四周開展探地雷達(dá)掃描以及瑞雷面波的采集,獲取了塔基周圍的巖土信息以及塔身的裂縫信息,具體完成了以下研究工作:一、 在八角塔周圍布置了四條相互垂直的測(cè)線,利用重錘激發(fā)的方式采集了地震資料。在各相同測(cè)線上分別利用400MHz、900MHz的雷達(dá)天線進(jìn)行了掃描,并在近塔基附近布設(shè)了三條環(huán)繞八角塔的八邊形探地雷達(dá)測(cè)線,完成了諸多實(shí)測(cè)資料的采集。二、 對(duì)采集到的兩種資料進(jìn)行了有效的資料處理工作,成功去除了干擾波以及背景噪聲。對(duì)探地雷達(dá)資料進(jìn)行了偏移處理,繞射波收斂效果較好,依據(jù)偏移剖面和地質(zhì)背景資料,推斷塔基應(yīng)坐落于相對(duì)凸起的基巖面上。對(duì)地震資料進(jìn)行了折射層析以及瑞雷波波速反演,推斷出八角塔基礎(chǔ)淺地表存在一米左右的回填土,且塔北側(cè)存在的局部破碎帶是導(dǎo)致塔向北傾斜的可能原因。結(jié)合八角塔旁開鑿的探抗,驗(yàn)證了以上的一些推斷。三、 利用2GHz的雷達(dá)天線對(duì)八角塔塔身進(jìn)行了掃描,繪制了裂縫的展布情況,并建立了三維裂縫發(fā)育模型。
[Abstract]:Tower is a traditional Chinese architecture that is common in Asia and has a specific form and style. It was originally a towering building dedicated to or collecting Buddhist bones, statues, sutras, Buddhist remains, etc. Yunnan Mannghong Octagonal Tower is an important protected cultural relic in the minority area, and the architecture of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism is unique. Now, however, the octagonal tower has been in disrepair and tilted northward, and the tower body has also been cracked. In order to prevent the octagonal tower from continuing to tilt under the action of gravity, there is an urgent need to use a detection method that does not cause damage to the tower's base, and can be used to detect the inner cracks of the octagonal tower and the problem of the instability of the tower's base. In order to carry out the later repair work. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and Rayleigh surface wave detection (GPR) have been widely used in the detection of the buried part of the ground and the consolidation of the building body because of its high resolution, high efficiency and no damage to the target. In this paper, the damage and crack inside the tower are detected by using the high resolution characteristic of ground penetrating radar, and then the near surface velocity structure is analyzed by Rayleigh wave, and the stratum around the tower is detected, which is combined with engineering geological information. The reason of tower tilting is inferred to provide basis for preservation of cultural relics and later restoration. Taking the octagonal tower as the research object, the geotechnical information around the tower foundation and the fracture information of the tower body are obtained by conducting the ground penetrating radar scanning and collecting the Rayleigh surface wave around the tower. The main works are as follows: first, four vertical lines are arranged around the octagonal tower, and the seismic data are collected by means of the hammer excitation. The radar antenna of 400MHz / 900MHz is used to scan the same measuring lines, and three octagonal ground penetrating radar lines around the octagonal tower are set up near the tower base. The acquisition of a lot of measured data has been completed. Secondly, the two kinds of data are processed effectively and the interference wave and background noise are removed successfully. Based on the migration processing of ground penetrating radar data, the convergent effect of diffraction wave is good. Based on the migration profile and geological background data, it is inferred that the tower base should be located on the relatively raised bedrock surface. Based on refraction tomography and Rayleigh wave velocity inversion of seismic data, it is inferred that there is a backfill of about one meter on the shallow surface of the foundation of the octagonal tower, and the partial fracture zone on the north side of the tower is the possible cause of the tower tilting northward. Some of the above inferences have been verified by combining the excavated reactance beside the octagonal tower. Thirdly, the 2GHz radar antenna is used to scan the octagonal tower body, and the distribution of cracks is plotted, and a three-dimensional fracture development model is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU317

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