本文選題：稻作文化景觀 + 地方依戀�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：稻作文化景觀是基于稻作活動形成的有關(guān)物質(zhì)、制度、精神等文化事項的文化景觀,它不僅包括種植景觀,還包括由稻作生產(chǎn)而影響的民俗民風(fēng)、民族信仰、生活方式、社會形態(tài)等人文景觀。侗族是一個沒有文字的山地稻作民族,從生產(chǎn)到生活再到民族文化處處彰顯著稻作民族的文化特色。侗族人“飯稻羹魚”的飲食傳統(tǒng)和“火耕水褥”的耕作傳統(tǒng),孕育了以“軟田”糯稻為主的“稻魚鴨”共生稻作系統(tǒng),并于2011年正式納入世界重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)目錄。但是,由于社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,黎平侗族地區(qū)固有的稻作生產(chǎn)制度和傳統(tǒng)觀念受到外來文化的巨大沖擊,特別是居民保護和傳承意識淡薄,嚴重阻礙了侗族稻作文化景觀的保護和發(fā)展,許多優(yōu)秀的稻作文化景觀正面臨著巨大危機。因此,對侗族稻作文化景觀進行保護性研究具有重要意義。本文主要研究內(nèi)容有三個方面:實地調(diào)研,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)狀問題;采用“地方依戀”理論深入分析;提出保護性策略。首先,本文選取了黎平縣堂安村、竹坪村、黃崗村作為田野調(diào)查點,從自然生態(tài)環(huán)境、物質(zhì)文化、制度文化、精神文化、生計來源五個方面展開了詳細調(diào)研。調(diào)研結(jié)果一方面發(fā)現(xiàn)了三個村落稻作文化景觀面臨的現(xiàn)狀問題,另一方面總結(jié)了侗族稻作文化景觀在景觀、生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟三個層面的保護價值。其次,本文引入居民地方依戀的研究框架和研究模型,提出“居民背景差異對地方依戀、認知、保護態(tài)度有顯著影響”、“居民地方依戀對糯稻系統(tǒng)性認知及保護態(tài)度有正向影響”兩組假設(shè)。文章以當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｗ《泵駷檎{(diào)查研究對象,通過問卷調(diào)查,將收集的有效數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入SPSS軟件進行了描述性分析、信效度分析、相關(guān)性分析、回歸分析,結(jié)果表明:此地居民地方依戀度整體較高;并且居住時間越長,經(jīng)濟收入越高,居民地方依戀度越強;居民地方依戀度越高對稻作文化景觀的保護態(tài)度及認知就越強。最后,本文基于地方依戀分析結(jié)果,提出可持續(xù)“活態(tài)”保護、保護與發(fā)展同步、經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)共贏的三大保護原則。結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀問題提出了建立生態(tài)補償機制振興“軟田”糯稻產(chǎn)業(yè);對物質(zhì)文化景觀采取整體記憶式保護;對非物質(zhì)文化景觀采用新媒體宣傳、民族文化進課堂、社區(qū)農(nóng)民學(xué)習(xí)班、專業(yè)傳承人培養(yǎng)等方法全方位提高居民地方認同度;通過積極發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村旅游和建設(shè)軟田濕地生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)示范基地等途徑,增加居民回鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)的途經(jīng)和經(jīng)濟收入,提高居民地方依賴度。全方位、多途徑的引導(dǎo)居民主動保護、傳承、創(chuàng)新稻作文化景觀,實現(xiàn)稻作文化景觀的可持續(xù)“活態(tài)”保護。希望本文的研究,對侗族稻作文化景觀的保護起到參考和借鑒作用,對我國“活態(tài)遺產(chǎn)”的保護措施和理論作一些豐富和補充。
[Abstract]:Rice cultural landscape is a cultural landscape based on related cultural matters, such as material, system, spirit, etc. It includes not only the planting landscape, but also folk customs, national beliefs, and ways of life influenced by rice production. Social forms and other humanistic landscape. Dong nationality is a mountain rice farming nation without characters. From production to life to national culture, Dong nationality shows the cultural characteristics of rice farming nation everywhere. The diet tradition of "rice and rice soup fish" and the cultivation tradition of "fire tillage and water mattress" of Dong nationality people gave birth to the "rice-fish-duck" symbiotic rice cropping system with "soft field" glutinous rice, and was formally included in the world's important agricultural and cultural heritage list in 2011. However, due to the social and economic development, the traditional rice production system and traditional concept of the Dong nationality area in Liping have been greatly impacted by foreign culture, especially the weak awareness of protection and inheritance of the residents. The protection and development of Dong ethnic rice cultural landscape are seriously hindered, and many excellent rice cultural landscapes are facing a great crisis. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect the cultural landscape of Dong rice. The main contents of this paper are as follows: field investigation, discovery of current problems, in-depth analysis of the theory of "local attachment", and putting forward protective strategies. Firstly, this paper selects Tangan Village, Zhuping Village and Huanggang Village in Liping County as field investigation points, and carries out detailed investigation from five aspects: natural ecological environment, material culture, system culture, spiritual culture and livelihood source. On the one hand, the present situation of rice culture landscape in three villages was found, on the other hand, the protection value of Dong rice culture landscape in landscape, ecology and economy was summarized. Secondly, this paper introduces the research framework and research model of resident local attachment, and points out that "the difference of residents' background has significant influence on local attachment, cognition and protective attitude". There were two hypotheses about the positive effect of local attachment on the systemic cognition and protective attitude of glutinous rice. This paper takes the local resident Dong people as the research object, through the questionnaire investigation, will collect the valid data to carry on the descriptive analysis, the reliability analysis, the correlation analysis, the regression analysis, the SPSS software, the correlation analysis, the regression analysis. The results showed that the degree of local attachment was higher, and the longer the resident time, the higher the economic income, the stronger the degree of local attachment, and the stronger the protection attitude and cognition of the local attachment to the rice cultural landscape. Finally, based on the results of local attachment analysis, this paper puts forward three principles of sustainable "living state" protection, protection and development synchronization, and win-win economic and ecological protection principles. Combined with the current situation, the paper puts forward the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism to revitalize the "soft field" glutinous rice industry; to take the overall memory protection to the material cultural landscape; to adopt the new media propaganda to the non-material cultural landscape; to promote the national culture into the classroom, and to study the community farmers' classes. The training of professional inheritors will improve the local identity of residents in all directions, and increase the way and economic income of residents returning to their hometowns for pioneering employment through the active development of rural tourism and the construction of demonstration bases for eco-agriculture in soft fields. Increase the local dependency of residents. In order to realize the sustainable "living state" protection of rice cultural landscape, the residents should be guided to actively protect, inherit and innovate the rice cultural landscape. It is hoped that the study in this paper can be used as a reference for the protection of the cultural landscape of Dong ethnic rice and enrich and supplement the conservation measures and theories of "living heritage" in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU982.29

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