發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-01 17:04

  本文選題：城市區(qū)域性公園 + LID��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球氣候變暖、城市化進(jìn)程的加快,一系列城市水文問題與日凸顯,如城市洪澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、水文環(huán)境的惡化等,尤其在城市建設(shè)中對“水”過度的“硬、平、填、攔、光、蓋、排”,使水的五位一體遭到破壞,“水生態(tài)破壞”、“水資源短缺”、“水環(huán)境污染”、“水安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”、“水文化缺失”等現(xiàn)象不斷暴露出來。目前以“單一快排”為主要目的的城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施已不能滿足城市發(fā)展的需要,低影響開發(fā)理論的提出就是為了解決這種“水”現(xiàn)狀問題,將末端治理模式轉(zhuǎn)變成源頭控制形式,從根源上減少“水”問題的發(fā)生。城市綠地系統(tǒng)是低影響開發(fā)理論實(shí)施的載體,對雨水的消納和涵養(yǎng)起著至關(guān)重要的作用,城市公園是城市綠地系統(tǒng)中的主要組成要素,目前傳統(tǒng)的城市公園在規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)片面的著重外在的表現(xiàn)形式,忽視了公園的生態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)功能和雨洪調(diào)蓄的功能。本文研究旨在探討低影響開發(fā)理念和技術(shù)在城市區(qū)域性公園中的應(yīng)用,從LID綜合管理措施出發(fā),對LID技術(shù)體系進(jìn)行梳理,選取目前應(yīng)用較多的幾個(gè)LID措施(如下凹式綠地、植被淺溝、雨水花園、綠色屋頂、滲透性鋪裝等)進(jìn)行總結(jié),并介紹了不同LID措施的功能特點(diǎn)和設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用條件。研究中將具有滲透、傳輸、過濾和收集等不同功能的措施結(jié)合使用,在發(fā)揮其生態(tài)效益的同時(shí),增強(qiáng)了公園的景觀效果。同時(shí),搜集國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有案例,分析案例中LID設(shè)施的應(yīng)用,吸取成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。論文抽取了哈爾濱市4個(gè)典型城市公園,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜集和現(xiàn)場調(diào)研的方式調(diào)查出四個(gè)公園在水資源利用方面存在以下問題:1)雨水資源化利用率低,道路、廣場和建筑屋頂?shù)?沒有任何雨水利用的設(shè)施,植被覆蓋率不高,部分綠地植物配植結(jié)構(gòu)單一,不利于對雨水的截污截流;2)洪峰削減量不夠,很多廣場存在積水現(xiàn)象,雨天綠地中雨水滯留嚴(yán)重,降低了洪峰削減量;3)雪資源利用率低,積雪都以融化和清除的方式處理,沒有充分利用雪這一重要的水資源;4)中水回用不足,公園中的湖水等水景和植物灌溉用水都是市政供水,沒有將兩者結(jié)合,缺少中水回用的措施。根據(jù)四個(gè)公園調(diào)查出的問題,文章還提出了基于低影響開發(fā)的城市區(qū)域性公園改造設(shè)計(jì)策略,首先確定改造設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)、制定改造設(shè)計(jì)原則,從公園實(shí)地調(diào)查及基礎(chǔ)資料收集、公園雨水利用潛力分析、LID方案選擇、公園布局改造設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)計(jì)方案評估等方面總結(jié)出改造設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容與方法。最后,論文選取了一個(gè)典型的具有共性問題的區(qū)域性公園即黛秀湖公園進(jìn)行LID改造設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐,通過分析黛秀湖公園的雨水利用潛力,顯示改造具有一定的實(shí)際意義。根據(jù)公園的現(xiàn)狀條件,改造采用多功能調(diào)蓄水體(人工湖)、下凹式綠地、植被淺溝、雨水花園、滲透鋪裝、初期雨水棄流設(shè)施等低影響開發(fā)設(shè)施進(jìn)行徑流傳輸、滲透凈化和收集儲(chǔ)存,實(shí)現(xiàn)徑流總量減排、內(nèi)澇防治、徑流污染、雨水資源化利用等多重目標(biāo)。針對公園在水資源利用方面和景觀上存在的問題和不足,設(shè)計(jì)將公園分為入口景觀區(qū)、文化活動(dòng)區(qū)、湖體景觀區(qū)、生態(tài)展示區(qū)、運(yùn)動(dòng)健身區(qū)和森林氧吧區(qū)六個(gè)功能分區(qū),每個(gè)功能分區(qū)根據(jù)自身的景觀特點(diǎn)設(shè)置不同的景觀,低影響開發(fā)設(shè)施貫穿其中。設(shè)計(jì)完成之后,利用SWMM建立暴雨雨水管理模型,對公園現(xiàn)狀和加入LID后的公園雨水徑流過程進(jìn)行模擬,對比加入LID前后公園的水文效應(yīng)變化。結(jié)果證明,LID技術(shù)在城市公園中的應(yīng)用對公園降雨徑流的削減具有一定的效果,削減效果在小型降雨的滯蓄作用上更明顯。LID理念和技術(shù)能夠有效的緩解暴雨帶來的水環(huán)境問題和洪澇問題。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于通過城市區(qū)域性公園的低影響開發(fā)改造設(shè)計(jì),為城市雨洪的管理開辟了新的道路。在對公園進(jìn)行改造設(shè)計(jì)后,利用SWMM模型模擬改造后的公園水文效應(yīng)變化,對改造設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行量化評估,通過評估的結(jié)果對設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,為以后的城市公園LID改造實(shí)踐提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the global warming and the accelerating process of urbanization, a series of urban hydrological problems and days are highlighted, such as frequent urban flood disasters and the deterioration of hydrological environment, especially in the construction of "water" in urban construction, such as "hard, flat, filled, blocked, light, cover, row", so that the water is destroyed by the five in one, "water ecological destruction" and "water shortage". "Water environment pollution", "water safety risk", "water culture lack" and other phenomena are constantly exposed. At present, the urban infrastructure with "single fast row" as the main purpose can not meet the needs of urban development. The low impact development theory is to solve the "water" status problem and change the end treatment model. The urban green system is the carrier of the implementation of the low impact development theory, which plays a vital role in the elimination and conservation of the rainwater, and the urban park is the main component of the urban green space system. In the form of expression, the ecological regulation function of the park and the function of rain and flood regulation are ignored. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of the concept and technology of low impact development in urban regional parks. From the LID comprehensive management measures, the LID technical system is combed, and several LID measures which are now widely used are selected (the following concave green space, planting) It is summed up by shallow gully, rainwater garden, green roof, permeable paving, etc., and introduces the functional characteristics and design application conditions of different LID measures. The study will be combined with various functions such as permeation, transmission, filtration and collection, and enhance the landscape effect of the park while giving full play to its ecological benefits. Domestic and foreign existing cases, the application of LID facilities in the case of analysis of successful experience. This paper extracts 4 typical urban parks in Harbin. Through network collection and field investigation, the following problems are found in the water resources utilization of four parks: 1) low utilization rate of rainwater resources, roads, squares and building roofs, and so on. He rain water conservancy facilities, vegetation coverage is not high, some green plants with single planting structure, is not conducive to the interception of rain water interception; 2) the flood peak reduction is not enough, a lot of squares exist in the water, rain days in the green space is serious, reduced the peak cutting reduction; 3) low utilization rate of snow resources, snow all melt and clear the way to deal with the snow. There is no full use of the important water resources of snow. 4) the reuse of water in the middle water is insufficient, the water and water of the lake in the park are all municipal water supply. There is no combination of the two and the measures for the reuse of the water. According to the problems found in the four parks, the paper also puts forward the design policy of the Urban Regional Park transformation based on the low impact development. In the first place, the reform design goal was determined and the reform design principle was formulated. The contents and methods of the reform design were summarized from the park field investigation and the basic data collection, the park rainwater utilization potential analysis, the LID scheme selection, the park layout transformation design and the design scheme evaluation. Finally, a typical common problem was selected. The Regional Park, Daixiu Lake Park, is designed by the LID reform design. Through the analysis of the rainwater utilization potential of Daixiu Lake Park, it shows that the reform has some practical significance. According to the conditions of the park, the multi-function storage water (artificial lake), the lower concave green space, the shallow furrow of the vegetation, the rainwater garden, the permeable paving and the initial rainwater discarding are used. Facilities, such as low impact development facilities, carry out runoff transmission, permeate purification and collect storage, realize the multiple targets of total runoff emission reduction, waterlogging control, runoff pollution, rainwater resource utilization and so on. In view of the problems and shortcomings of the park in water resources utilization and landscape, the park is divided into the entrance landscape area, the cultural activity area, the lake body The landscape area, the ecological display area, the sports fitness area and the forest oxygen bar area six functional zoning, each functional division sets different landscape according to its own landscape characteristics, and the low influence development facilities run through it. After the design is completed, the rainstorm rain management model is set up by SWMM, and the park's current situation and the park rain runoff after joining the LID are passed through the process. The results show that the application of LID technology in urban parks has a certain effect on the reduction of Park rainfall runoff, and the reduction effect is more obvious in the small rainfall lag effect, and the.LID concept and technology can effectively alleviate the water environment problems and flood problems caused by the rainstorm in the urban park. The innovation of this paper is to open up a new road for the management of urban rain and flood through the design of the low impact development and transformation of urban regional parks. After the reform and design of the park, the SWMM model is used to simulate the changes in the hydrological effect of the reconstructed Park, and the design is evaluated quantitatively, and the design is optimized by the results of the evaluation. It will provide reference for LID reconstruction in the future urban parks.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992;TU986.5

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