發(fā)布時間：2018-04-28 19:46

  本文選題：拉斷式危巖 + 凍融應(yīng)變��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以承德市半壁山保護工程為依托工程,通過對研究區(qū)的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,借助室內(nèi)試驗,查明半壁山崩塌的發(fā)育分布規(guī)律,分析拉斷式巖體在循環(huán)凍融條件下的破裂機制,再從危險性與易損性的角度,評價分析危巖發(fā)生崩塌后的風(fēng)險性,對其運動的距離和威脅范圍等方面進行預(yù)測,將風(fēng)險量化,反饋到實際工程中,最終采用優(yōu)化的治理措施建議,將風(fēng)險分析研究貫穿工程建設(shè)與使用的整個過程。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境及地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的分布發(fā)育特征收集研究區(qū)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境資料,通過對對半壁山危巖體進行了調(diào)查統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明:危巖體分布發(fā)育規(guī)律主要是受地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、地層巖性、結(jié)構(gòu)面特征和氣象水文的影響,巖性和區(qū)域氣候是引起危巖失穩(wěn)的主要因素,破壞失穩(wěn)方式多以拉斷式(墜落)為主。(2)裂隙巖體凍融變形的影響因素及特征通過凍融應(yīng)變試驗得出不同含水狀態(tài)的巖體一個凍融周期內(nèi)的應(yīng)變曲線存在差異,裂縫未充水巖體在凍結(jié)過程中沒有凍脹現(xiàn)象。裂隙巖樣經(jīng)過多次凍融循環(huán)作用后產(chǎn)生了殘余微應(yīng)變。(3)凍融巖石的物理力學(xué)變化特征(1)物理特征:凍融作用引起的質(zhì)量變化幅度較小。(2)力學(xué)特征:a.砂礫巖單軸壓縮條件下以剪切破壞為主;不同含水狀態(tài)的巖樣隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,其單軸抗壓強度均成減小趨勢。根據(jù)試樣初始強度與凍融循環(huán)后強度分析計算其強度損失率,由計算結(jié)果可知:隨凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,試樣單軸抗壓強度損失率整體呈增大趨勢,并且,經(jīng)歷相同次數(shù)的凍融循環(huán)作用后,飽和巖樣的強度衰減幅度明顯大于干燥試樣的衰減幅度。b.飽水狀態(tài)巖樣的抗拉強度隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加成減小趨勢,強度衰減基本呈線性。根據(jù)試樣初始強度與凍融循環(huán)后強度分析計算其強度損失率。(4)危險性主要指的是危巖體形成災(zāi)害的可能性與到達所要保護工程的可能性,將巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、風(fēng)化荷載、凍融循環(huán)情況、坡表植被覆蓋情況等5因素賦值,用層次分析法判斷各因子所占權(quán)重,運用RHRS法融合地質(zhì)概況、地形特征、氣象水文、巖塊切割尺寸、崩塌規(guī)模、以往崩塌歷史等因子,評價坡體危險性,得到量化危巖體風(fēng)險性值。(5)易損性按照承災(zāi)體類型分類,分別評價固定承災(zāi)體與流動承災(zāi)體。首先計算出滾石到達建筑物時的沖擊力,再按照規(guī)范計算出路面的抗沖擊承載力極限值,固定承災(zāi)體的易損性用沖擊與抗沖擊對比得到概率,結(jié)合Peila和Guardini事件樹概率分析,計算出最終每年事故死亡率,比較死亡率區(qū)分易損性的大小,確定易損性評價。(6)根據(jù)前文所分析的危險性評價與易損性評價,相結(jié)合評價半壁山危巖體的風(fēng)險性值,再反饋給實際依托工程,優(yōu)化治理措施。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the protection project of half wall mountain in Chengde city, through the field investigation in the research area and with the help of laboratory tests, the development and distribution of the half wall mountain collapse are found out, and the fracture mechanism of the pull rock mass under the condition of circulation freezing and thawing is analyzed. From the point of view of danger and vulnerability, the risk of collapse of dangerous rock is evaluated and analyzed, the distance of movement and the range of threat are predicted, and the risk is quantified and fed back to the actual project. Finally, the risk analysis is carried out through the whole process of engineering construction and use with the suggestion of optimized management measures. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the geological environment and the distribution and development characteristics of geological hazards in the study area are collected from the geological environment data of the study area. The results of investigation and statistics show that the distribution and development of dangerous rock mass are mainly affected by geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, structural plane characteristics and meteorological hydrology. Lithology and regional climate are the main factors causing instability of dangerous rock. The influencing factors and characteristics of freezing and thawing deformation of fractured rock mass are obtained by freezing and thawing strain test. The strain curves of rock mass with different water content in a freeze-thaw period are different. There is no frost heave in the freezing process of fractured unfilled rock mass. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the fractured rock samples have produced residual microstrain. 3) the physical and mechanical characteristics of frozen and thawed rocks. 1) physical characteristics: the range of mass change caused by freeze-thaw process is smaller than that caused by freeze-thaw process) the mechanical characteristic is: a. Under uniaxial compression, shear failure is dominant, and the uniaxial compressive strength decreases with the increase of freezing and thawing cycles. According to the initial strength of the specimen and the strength analysis after freeze-thaw cycle, the strength loss rate is calculated. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycle times, the loss rate of uniaxial compressive strength of the sample shows an increasing trend, and the loss rate of uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen increases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. After the same number of freeze-thaw cycles, the intensity attenuation of saturated rock samples is obviously larger than that of dry samples. The tensile strength of saturated rock samples decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and the strength decay is linear. According to the initial strength of the specimen and the strength analysis after freeze-thaw cycle, the risk of strength loss. 4) the risk mainly refers to the possibility of the dangerous rock mass forming disaster and the possibility of reaching the project to be protected, the lithology, geological structure, weathering load, etc. Five factors, such as freeze-thaw cycle, slope surface vegetation coverage and so on, are assigned. The weight of each factor is judged by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The RHRS method is used to integrate geological survey, topographic features, meteorology and hydrology, rock block cutting size, collapse scale, and so on. In the past factors such as collapse history and so on, the risk of slope body is evaluated, and the risk of dangerous rock mass is quantified. The vulnerability is classified according to the type of disaster bearing body, and the fixed bearing body and the flowing disaster bearing body are evaluated respectively. First of all, the impact force of the rolling stone to the building is calculated, then the limit value of the road impact bearing capacity is calculated according to the specifications. The probability of the vulnerability of the fixed bearing body is obtained by comparing the impact and the impact resistance, and the probability analysis is combined with the Peila and Guardini event tree probability analysis. Calculate the final annual accident mortality rate, compare the size of the mortality rate to distinguish vulnerability, determine vulnerability evaluation. (6) according to the risk assessment and vulnerability evaluation of the previous analysis, combined with the evaluation of the risk value of the half-wall rock mass, Feedback to the actual rely on the project, optimization of governance measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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