本文選題：木結(jié)構(gòu) + 火災探測器��； 參考：《昆明理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國存在大量歷史悠久的木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑,這些建筑具有很高的文化和藝術(shù)價值。但由于木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑火災荷載大、火災增長速率快、耐火等級低、用電用火條件復雜、消防設(shè)施落后、防火間距和滅火作戰(zhàn)場地嚴重不足等原因,導致木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑群起火概率高,火災撲救難度大,且在起火后易迅速蔓延導致火燒連營。為提高木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的消防安全水平,降低火災蔓延的風險,本文通過數(shù)值模擬和理論分析的方法,研究木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的火災防控策略,主要工作和成果如下:1.獲得了云南省典型木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中的探測器響應時間。利用火災區(qū)域模擬軟件FDS,對云南省典型的干欄式和合院式民居的探測器響應過程進行模擬,得到了探測器響應過程,確定了民居內(nèi)感煙探測器和感溫探測器的響應時間,給出了木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑在消防隊介入模型(FBIM)中使用的報警時間。2.研究了拆屋頂控火方法的有效性和時效性。利用FDS對翁丁村拆屋頂控火方法進行模擬,通過分析不同拆屋頂時刻的火災熱釋放速率曲線,證明了這種方法的有效性,確定了拆屋頂方法的有效時間段為轟燃發(fā)生前,推導出了拆屋頂臨界時間的理論計算公式。3.研究了利用防火布防止木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑火災蔓延的方法。利用差分法對一維導熱過程進行數(shù)值求解,確定了防火布和空氣夾層對防止火災蔓延的有益效果,擬合得到了外墻升溫曲線的計算公式和防火布臨界厚度的計算公式,推導出了掛設(shè)防火布的臨界時間的計算公式。并以麗江木結(jié)構(gòu)民居為例,計算了街巷兩側(cè)的防火布臨界厚度、掛設(shè)防火布的臨界時間和外墻升溫曲線。4.研究了消防隊救援模型。引入消防隊介入模型(FBIM),結(jié)合火災發(fā)展過程和蔓延過程的計算公式得到了確定木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑火災熱釋放速率曲線的方法。介紹了滅火用水流量計算公式和滅火成功概率計算公式。以昆明市典型的合院式民居為例,利用Monte Carlo模擬方法,確定了昆明合院式民居的熱釋放速率曲線、消防隊響應時間、消防隊介入時間、滅火成功概率和滅火用水流量。5.研究了控火策略。根據(jù)火災發(fā)展階段的不同提出兩個控火目標,組合不同的防滅火措施得到了 4種控火策略,以翁丁村民居、昆明民居和昆明某住宅三種不同類型的建筑為依據(jù),對比分析了這三種建筑在不同滅火策略下完成目標的差異,得到如下結(jié)論:翁丁村僅依靠消防隊進行滅火救援將會導致火燒連營,應考慮設(shè)置專職消防隊或安裝自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng),且還應考慮利用拆屋頂和掛防火布方法控火。對于昆明的民居,現(xiàn)役消防隊滅火成功概率偏低,應考慮設(shè)置專職消防隊和自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng),僅依靠現(xiàn)役消防隊滅火時,需增配防火布用于防止火災蔓延。對于現(xiàn)代住宅,靠路人報警和現(xiàn)役消防隊,依然能將火災控制在起火套間或防火分區(qū)內(nèi),可僅增加自動報警系統(tǒng)而不用設(shè)置額外的滅火措施。
[Abstract]:There are a large number of wooden structures with a long history in China, which are of high cultural and artistic value. However, due to the large fire load, rapid fire growth rate, low fire resistance, complex conditions of electric exergy, backward fire fighting facilities, fire prevention distance and serious shortage of fire fighting sites, wood structure buildings have high fire probability. The fire fighting is difficult, and it is easy to spread quickly after the fire. In order to improve the fire safety level of wood structure building and reduce the risk of fire spread, this paper studies the fire prevention and control strategy of wood structure building by means of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The main work and results are as follows: 1. The response time of detectors in typical wooden structures in Yunnan Province is obtained. In this paper, the response process of the detector in the typical residential buildings in Yunnan Province is simulated by using the fire area simulation software FDS, and the response time of the smoke detector and the temperature detector in the residential building is determined, and the response process of the detector is obtained, and the response time of the detector is determined. The alarm time used in the fire brigade intervention model (FBIMs) is given. 2. 2. The effectiveness and timeliness of the fire control method for roof removal are studied. The fire control method of roof demolition in Weng Ding village is simulated by FDS. By analyzing the heat release rate curve of fire at different roof demolition times, the validity of this method is proved, and the effective time period of roof demolition method is determined before detonation. The theoretical calculation formula of critical time for roof removal is derived. The method of preventing fire spread of wood structure building by fire proof cloth is studied. The numerical solution of one-dimensional heat conduction process is carried out by using the difference method, and the beneficial effects of fire-proof cloth and air interlayer on preventing fire spreading are determined, and the formulas for calculating the temperature rise curve of exterior wall and the critical thickness of fire-proof cloth are obtained by fitting. The formula for calculating the critical time of hoisting fire-proof cloth is derived. The critical thickness of fireproof cloth on both sides of street and lane, the critical time of setting fire cloth and the heating curve of exterior wall are calculated. The rescue model of fire brigade was studied. The fire brigade intervention model was introduced and the calculation formula of fire development and spread process was combined to obtain the method of determining the fire heat release rate curve of wood structure building. This paper introduces the formula for calculating the flow of fire water and the probability of fire extinguishing. Taking the typical residential houses in Kunming as an example, the heat release rate curve, the response time of fire brigade, the intervention time, the probability of fire extinguishing and the water flow of fire extinguishing were determined by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The fire control strategy is studied. According to the different stages of fire development, two fire control targets are put forward, and four fire control strategies are obtained by combining different fire prevention measures, which are based on three different types of buildings: Weng Ding villagers' residence, Kunming folk residence and Kunming residence. By comparing and analyzing the difference of the three kinds of buildings under different fire-extinguishing strategies, the conclusion is as follows: Onding village will only rely on fire brigade to carry out fire fighting and rescue, which will lead to the fire burning company camp. Consideration should be given to the installation of full-time fire brigades or automatic sprinkler systems, as well as fire control by means of roof removal and fire cloth hanging. For the residential buildings in Kunming, the successful fire fighting probability of active fire brigade is on the low side. It should be considered to set up full-time fire brigade and automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system. When only relying on active fire brigade to extinguish fire, it is necessary to add fire-proof cloth to prevent fire spread. For modern residential buildings, depending on passers-by alarm and active fire brigade, the fire can still be controlled in a fire suite or fire prevention zone, and only automatic alarm system can be added without additional fire extinguishing measures.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU998.1;TU366.2

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