本文選題：高層建筑 + 樓梯井��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高層樓梯井作為火災(zāi)發(fā)生時高層建筑唯一的逃生通道,是火災(zāi)研究中的一類重要結(jié)構(gòu)。對這種特定結(jié)構(gòu)火災(zāi)進(jìn)行的敏感性分析可以得出影響因素對特定輸出量的敏感性排序、分析各因素的作用、篩選重要因素并簡化模型。敏感性分析中的篩選方法可以計算出反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各影響因素大致的敏感性指數(shù),可用于前期篩選出重要的因子。敏感性分析中的全局敏感性方法可以分別得出系統(tǒng)內(nèi)影響因素的一階敏感性和總敏感性指數(shù)。前者包含了該因素自身對系統(tǒng)輸出不確定性的影響,其數(shù)值可為控制系統(tǒng)不確定性提供參考。后者包含了此因子變動給輸出響應(yīng)帶來的所有影響,其與前者的相對差值也可用于分析此因子與其它因子耦合作用。另一方面,通過數(shù)值模擬實驗可以大大減少研究成本。但是,高層樓梯井結(jié)構(gòu)的精確模型使對其的研究即使是數(shù)值模擬仍需要很大的計算量,而使用計算量小的模型則會對結(jié)果造成較大偏差�；诿商乜宸椒ǖ拿舾行苑治鰧嶒炛貜�(fù)次數(shù)要求較高,因此高層樓梯井結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)使對其的敏感性分析研究大大受限于其計算成本。本文基于方差分析的全局敏感性分析方法,在不影響敏感性結(jié)果的前提下,減小了原計算量接近50%。針對敏感性分析的前期篩選過程和正式分析過程,本文分別建立了敏感性篩選平臺及多因子耦合的全局敏感性分析平臺。本文通過MATLAB實現(xiàn)兩個平臺的各個功能,結(jié)合CFD計算,完成了針對高層樓梯井火災(zāi)煙氣各個特征量的敏感性篩選及多輸入因子耦合的全局敏感性分析。通過篩選平臺,經(jīng)過70次工況計算,篩選掉影響較小的輸入因子。在篩選掉幾乎無影響的環(huán)境壓強(qiáng)后,本文對高層樓梯井結(jié)構(gòu)火災(zāi)進(jìn)行了全局敏感性分析。全局敏感性分析平臺選用了基于方差的全局敏感性分析方法。在此平臺中,經(jīng)過312次工況計算,得出建筑尺寸、熱釋放速率、環(huán)境參數(shù)對高層樓梯井內(nèi)煙氣湍流特性及輸運(yùn)特性的一階敏感性和全局敏感性。結(jié)果顯示火源熱釋放速率在各個所考察特征量中均具有較大影響,且在火災(zāi)發(fā)展階段時的湍流溫度均值、法向速度均值等響應(yīng)中與其它輸入因子相互耦合作用較小。而針對溫度湍流脈動強(qiáng)度、標(biāo)量速度均值等輸出響應(yīng)中,熱釋放速率與火源房間樓梯井連通口等因子之間相互耦合作用強(qiáng)。針對不同輸出響應(yīng),敏感性分布不同,應(yīng)具體分析。此外環(huán)境參數(shù)對本文所考察8個輸出響應(yīng)均影響很小。
[Abstract]:As the only escape way for high-rise buildings, high-rise stairwells are one of the most important structures in fire research.The sensitivity analysis of the fire of this particular structure can get the order of sensitivity of the influencing factors to the specific output, analyze the role of each factor, screen the important factors and simplify the model.The screening method in sensitivity analysis can calculate the general sensitivity index of each influencing factor in the reaction system and can be used to screen out important factors in the early stage.The global sensitivity method in sensitivity analysis can obtain the first order sensitivity index and the total sensitivity index of the influencing factors in the system.The former includes the influence of this factor on the system output uncertainty, and its value can be used as a reference for controlling the uncertainty of the system.The latter includes all the effects of the variation of this factor on the output response, and the relative difference between the latter and the former can also be used to analyze the coupling between this factor and other factors.On the other hand, the research cost can be greatly reduced by numerical simulation experiments.However, the precise model of the high-rise stairwell structure requires a large amount of calculation even for numerical simulation, while the use of a small computational model will cause a large deviation to the results.The sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo method requires a high number of repeated experiments, so the complex structure of the high-rise stairwell structure greatly limits the sensitivity analysis to its computational cost.In this paper, the global sensitivity analysis method based on ANOVA is presented, without affecting the sensitivity results, and the original computational complexity is reduced to 50%.In this paper, a sensitivity screening platform and a multi-factor coupling global sensitivity analysis platform are established for the pre-screening process and the formal analysis process of sensitivity analysis.In this paper, the functions of the two platforms are realized by MATLAB, and combined with CFD calculation, the sensitivity screening for each characteristic quantity of fire smoke in high-rise stairwell and the global sensitivity analysis of multi-input factor coupling are completed.Through screening platform and 70 working conditions, the input factors with less influence are screened out.After screening out the almost unaffected ambient pressure, the global sensitivity analysis of high-rise stairwell structure fire is carried out in this paper.The method of global sensitivity analysis based on variance is used in the global sensitivity analysis platform.In this platform, the first order and global sensitivity of building size, heat release rate and environmental parameters to the characteristics of flue gas turbulence and transport in high-rise stairwells are obtained after 312 working conditions.The results show that the heat release rate of the fire source has a great influence on each characteristic quantity investigated, and the interaction between the turbulent temperature mean and the normal velocity mean and other input factors in the development stage of the fire is less than that of the other input factors.For the temperature turbulence intensity, scalar velocity mean and other output response, the heat release rate and the fire source room stairwell connectivity and other factors are strongly coupled.According to the different output response, the sensitivity distribution is different, should be analyzed concretely.In addition, the environmental parameters have little effect on the eight output responses investigated in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU998.1

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