本文選題：漢中 + 山水城市�。� 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢中市地處漢中盆地,氣候溫和,物產(chǎn)豐盈,為一座宜居的山水城市,也是國家級歷史文化名城。建城始于戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期,因是歷代兵家必爭之地,在城市建設(shè)方面具有自己的特色。然而在快速城市化的沖擊下,如今的漢中除了點(diǎn)狀分布的一些歷史遺跡和幾條歷史文化街區(qū),城市特色缺失嚴(yán)重,山水環(huán)境也遭到一定的破壞�？v觀國內(nèi)對漢中城市、建筑的研究成果卻為數(shù)不多,因而本文擬站在歷史的角度去解讀城市的空間和形態(tài),試圖用建筑學(xué)、建筑史學(xué)的視域及其方法來分析找出“原型”,為未來城市的建設(shè)和發(fā)展找到理論依據(jù)。本文以漢中老城區(qū)為研究對象,主要研究其城市歷史空間形態(tài)特征,時(shí)間上以明、清、民國為主,對此前歷史文獻(xiàn)及沿革進(jìn)行簡短梳理。主要分宏觀山水格局、中觀城池形態(tài)演變、微觀內(nèi)部空間要素三個(gè)層面對城市歷史空間形態(tài)進(jìn)行分析。首先分析古城所處山水環(huán)境、營城理念和山水格局的建構(gòu)方式。漢中北、東、南三面群山環(huán)繞,一江三河盤桓,背山面水,負(fù)陰抱陽,形成山水城一體的理想城市格局。其次分析城池形態(tài)的發(fā)展演變及其內(nèi)在規(guī)律,并解析背后影響因子。城市形態(tài)從秦厲共公筑城,經(jīng)“三筑兩遷”,南宋嘉定年間遷至今址,明初沿宋嘉定城修筑,天啟北拓,清修筑東關(guān)土城,民國保留主城,輪廓格局保留至今。形態(tài)受軍事戰(zhàn)爭和漢江水患影響較大,由漢江水運(yùn)帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)商業(yè)發(fā)展主要影響了城外街區(qū)的拓展,此外也受到地形地勢的自然環(huán)境、人口增長、傳統(tǒng)禮制思想的影響。再次對城市形態(tài)內(nèi)部構(gòu)成要素分類進(jìn)行分析,主要分城墻、街巷、內(nèi)部空間分區(qū)、標(biāo)志性建筑、民居幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)內(nèi)在特征和相互關(guān)系。城墻界定了形態(tài)的邊界,街巷的三級體系撐起城市的骨架,內(nèi)部空間按功能形成一定的分區(qū),官署居中,宗廟散布,文教空間主要集中在城西南和北大街附近,商業(yè)空間偏重東南方。節(jié)點(diǎn)建筑更成為片區(qū)標(biāo)志,成為人們可感知的空間意象,窄長形院落式的民居大量拼接構(gòu)成城市肌理,幾種構(gòu)成要素又互相影響,共同形成漢中城特有的形態(tài)特征。最后與現(xiàn)今城市空間進(jìn)行對比分析,針對目前漢中存在的城市現(xiàn)狀問題,結(jié)合歷史研究得出的結(jié)果,提出一些解決的思路和方法,以期能夠在城市特色找尋和名城保護(hù)方面指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:Hanzhong City is located in the Hanzhong Basin, the climate is mild, the product is abundant, is a livable landscape city, is also a national historical and cultural city.The construction of the city began during the warring States period, because it was a necessary place for the warlords of the past dynasties, and had its own characteristics in the area of urban construction.However, under the impact of rapid urbanization, in Hanzhong, in addition to the dot distribution of some historical relics and several historical and cultural blocks, the lack of urban characteristics is serious, the landscape environment has also been destroyed to a certain extent.However, there are few research results on architecture in Hanzhong city in China, so this paper intends to interpret the space and form of the city from the historical point of view, and try to find out the archetype by using the perspectives and methods of architecture and architectural history.For the future construction and development of the city to find the theoretical basis.This paper takes the old urban area of Hanzhong as the research object, mainly studies the urban historical spatial form characteristics, mainly in the Ming, Qing and the Republic of China, and briefly combs the previous historical documents and evolution.It is mainly divided into three levels: macroscopic landscape pattern, evolution of meso-scale city-pool form and micro-interior spatial elements to analyze the historical spatial form of the city.Firstly, it analyzes the landscape environment of the ancient city, the concept of the camp city and the construction mode of the landscape pattern.Hanzhong north, east, south three sides surrounded by mountains, a river and three rivers around, back mountain surface water, negative Yin embrace Yang, forming a landscape city ideal pattern.Secondly, it analyzes the evolution of urban formation and its internal law, and analyzes the factors behind it.City form from Qin Ligong Gong construction, through "three build two move", the Southern Song Jiading years moved to the site, the early Ming along the Song Jiading city construction, Tianqi north extension, Qing construction Dongguan Tucheng, the Republic of China retained the main city, the contour pattern has been retained.The shape is greatly affected by military war and the flood of the Hanjiang River. The economic and commercial development brought by the water transportation of the Hanjiang River mainly affects the development of the block outside the city. In addition, it is also influenced by the topographic natural environment, population growth and the traditional idea of etiquette.Thirdly, this paper analyzes the classification of the internal elements of urban form, mainly including city walls, streets and alleys, internal space zoning, landmarks and residential buildings, and summarizes the internal characteristics and mutual relations.The city wall defines the boundary of form, the three-tier system of streets and lanes supports the framework of the city, the inner space forms a certain partition according to its function, the official office is in the center, the temple is scattered, and the cultural and educational space is mainly concentrated near the southwest of the city and the north street.The commercial space is more southeasterly.The nodal building becomes the symbol of the area, and becomes the space image that people can perceive. A large number of conjunctions of narrow and long courtyard houses form the texture of the city, and several elements influence each other, forming the unique morphological characteristics of Hanzhong city.Finally, compared with the present urban space, aiming at the problems existing in Hanzhong city, combined with the results of historical research, the paper puts forward some ideas and methods to solve the problem.In order to find the characteristics of the city and the protection of famous cities to guide the practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.2

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