本文選題：液壓挖掘機 + 能量回收　； 參考：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：工程機械行業(yè)發(fā)展前景良好,液壓挖掘機作為其主要機種,有著巨大的市場需求。然而其環(huán)境不友好的特點,促使挖掘機向著節(jié)能環(huán)保的方向發(fā)展,使得液壓挖掘機節(jié)能技術(shù)成為各大工程機械廠商研究的熱點。為提高挖掘機節(jié)能效果,論文提出一種采用蓄能器和蓄電池儲能的液壓挖掘機動臂與轉(zhuǎn)臺能量回收系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了動臂下降與回轉(zhuǎn)制動復合動作下的能量回收。對系統(tǒng)進行方案設(shè)計、元件選型和參數(shù)匹配、模型建立和對比仿真分析、以及參數(shù)影響和實驗驗證等方面的研究。論文主要內(nèi)容劃分如下:1.介紹當前液壓挖掘機節(jié)能相關(guān)的研究進展。通過論述并分析挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)、動臂、轉(zhuǎn)臺以及多工作裝置等方面的節(jié)能技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀,得出其中不足,進而確定本課題的研究內(nèi)容。2.對提出的系統(tǒng)進行方案設(shè)計。對動臂下降勢能回收模塊、轉(zhuǎn)臺制動能量回收模塊以及能量存儲與釋放模塊進行方案設(shè)計,遵照總體設(shè)計要求,整合各模塊方案,設(shè)計出電液協(xié)調(diào)式能量回收系統(tǒng),完成系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計。3.對系統(tǒng)主要元件進行選型及參數(shù)匹配。以某型7噸級液壓挖掘機為實例,對動臂和轉(zhuǎn)臺主要元件、蓄能器、回收馬達和發(fā)電機的型號及具體參數(shù)進行匹配,為接下來的系統(tǒng)節(jié)能研究做好準備。4.對系統(tǒng)進行仿真研究。建立系統(tǒng)模型并設(shè)置各項參數(shù),制定仿真動作和控制策略并仿真,結(jié)果表明:參數(shù)合理匹配前提下,相比于可回收能量,回轉(zhuǎn)制動綜合能量回收率為61.3%,動臂下降綜合能量回收率為27.3%;系統(tǒng)總的能量回收率為44.9%,再利用率為47.2%,節(jié)能效果良好。在僅改變系統(tǒng)儲能元件的前提下,搭建相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)模型,對液壓式能量回收系統(tǒng)和電力式能量回收系統(tǒng)進行仿真分析,并與原系統(tǒng)進行綜合比較。5.關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)節(jié)能的影響研究。為指導參數(shù)優(yōu)化,提高系統(tǒng)節(jié)能表現(xiàn),基于仿真分析,研究關(guān)鍵參數(shù)與系統(tǒng)回收能量的關(guān)系。系統(tǒng)仿真時通過改變蓄能器初始容積和壓力、回收馬達排量、節(jié)流閥的有無及其孔徑等關(guān)鍵參數(shù),得出各參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)能量回收率的影響。同時為提高系統(tǒng)的控制性能,對動臂下降和回轉(zhuǎn)制動進行了改進。6.蓄能器參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)節(jié)能影響的實驗研究。為驗證仿真得到的蓄能器關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)節(jié)能效果的影響,設(shè)計實驗方案,選擇實驗設(shè)備,結(jié)合實際情況搭建模擬實驗臺。模擬實驗匹配某型4噸級液壓挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)制動相關(guān)參數(shù),分析所得數(shù)據(jù),仿真結(jié)果得到驗證。
[Abstract]:Construction machinery industry has a good development prospects, hydraulic excavators as its main machinery, has a huge market demand.However, because of its unfriendly environment, the excavator is developing towards the direction of energy saving and environmental protection, and the energy-saving technology of hydraulic excavator has become a hot spot in the research of construction machinery manufacturers.In order to improve the energy saving effect of excavator, a kind of energy recovery system of hydraulic excavator using accumulator and storage battery is put forward, which realizes the energy recovery under the compound action of moving arm drop and rotary brake.The scheme design, component selection and parameter matching, model building and comparative simulation analysis, as well as parameter influence and experimental verification are studied.The main contents of the paper are divided as follows: 1.This paper introduces the research progress on energy saving of hydraulic excavators.Based on the discussion and analysis of the research status of the hydraulic system of excavator, the moving arm, the turntable and the multi-working device, the deficiency of the energy saving technology is obtained, and the research content of this subject is determined.The proposed system is designed.According to the overall design requirements, the paper designs the modules of the drop potential energy recovery module, the brake energy recovery module and the energy storage and release module. According to the overall design requirements, the integrated modules, the electro-hydraulic coordinated energy recovery system is designed.Complete the system scheme design. 3.The main components of the system are selected and the parameters are matched.Taking a 7 ton hydraulic excavator as an example, the main components of moving arm and turntable, accumulator, recovery motor and generator are matched and the specific parameters are matched.The simulation of the system is carried out.The system model and parameters are set up, simulation actions and control strategies are formulated and simulated. The results show that: compared with recoverable energy, the simulation results show that: 1.The comprehensive energy recovery rate of rotary braking is 61.3%, the recovery rate of moving arm descending comprehensive energy is 27.30.The total energy recovery rate of the system is 44.9, and the reutilization ratio is 47.2. The energy saving effect is good.On the premise of only changing the energy storage components of the system, the corresponding system model is built, and the hydraulic energy recovery system and the electric energy recovery system are simulated and analyzed, and compared with the original system.The influence of key parameters on system energy saving is studied.In order to optimize the parameters and improve the performance of energy saving, the relationship between the key parameters and the energy recovery of the system is studied based on the simulation analysis.By changing the initial volume and pressure of the accumulator, recovering the motor displacement, the existence of the throttle valve and its aperture, the influence of each parameter on the energy recovery rate of the system is obtained.At the same time, in order to improve the control performance of the system, the arm drop and rotary brake are improved. 6. 6.Experimental study on the effect of accumulator parameters on system energy saving.In order to verify the influence of the key parameters of the accumulator on the energy saving effect of the system, the experimental scheme was designed, the experimental equipment was selected, and the simulation test bench was built according to the actual situation.The simulation experiment matches the parameters related to the rotary braking of a 4-ton hydraulic excavator. The data obtained are analyzed and the simulation results are verified.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU621

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