本文選題：Building　切入點(diǎn)：Exodus　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,建筑施工技術(shù)的不斷提升,現(xiàn)代建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)越來越復(fù)雜,于此同時(shí),對(duì)人員在發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時(shí)的安全疏散造成了相當(dāng)大的影響。近年來,建筑火災(zāi)事故頻發(fā),致使多人傷亡,對(duì)人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了巨大威脅,在遭遇突發(fā)事件時(shí),如何降低人員安全疏散的所需時(shí)間、確保人員安全疏散顯得越來越重要。本文研究的主要出發(fā)點(diǎn)就在于優(yōu)化建筑消防設(shè)計(jì),合理布置安全出口和規(guī)劃疏散路線,進(jìn)一步降低人員所需安全疏散時(shí)間。依據(jù)《建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》,對(duì)于建筑物安全出口設(shè)計(jì)的規(guī)定僅限于一個(gè)防火分區(qū)不少于兩個(gè)安全出口并且量個(gè)安全出口之間的最近邊緣距離不應(yīng)小于5米,防火分區(qū)內(nèi)任意一點(diǎn)至最近的安全出口距離不應(yīng)大于30米,這就給了設(shè)計(jì)者相當(dāng)大的發(fā)揮空間。同時(shí),.在建筑的使用方面,并沒有嚴(yán)格限制人流量的規(guī)定,這就會(huì)使得在工作日和節(jié)假日建筑內(nèi)人員的數(shù)量出現(xiàn)較大的差距。筆者通過使用人員疏散模擬軟件Building Exodus,建立相應(yīng)的人員行為模型,模擬分析了人員密度、安全出口位置、安全出口數(shù)量以及疏散方案等四種因素對(duì)人員疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)的影響,同時(shí)結(jié)合工程疏散演習(xí)實(shí)例對(duì)以上模擬分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了佐證。通過模擬分析,可以清晰地看出:1、人員的總疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)是隨著人員密度的增大而不斷增大的,又通過對(duì)比計(jì)算可以得出人員密度ρ=0.51 人/m2時(shí)比ρ=0.45人/m2時(shí)總疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)增加了 17.7%,這也就定量地確定了人員密度對(duì)疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)的影響是相當(dāng)大的;2、從安全出口的數(shù)量這一角度進(jìn)行分析,在疏散總寬度一致的前提下,可以看出當(dāng)設(shè)置兩扇相同寬度疏散門時(shí)人員的疏散總時(shí)長(zhǎng)為132.6s,而設(shè)置一寬兩窄三扇門時(shí)人員的總疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)為138.9s,時(shí)間增幅為4.8%,從數(shù)據(jù)分析的情況來看在疏散總寬度相同的情況下設(shè)置不同安全出口的數(shù)目對(duì)人員安全疏散總時(shí)長(zhǎng)的影響并不大;3、從安全出口設(shè)置的位置來講,當(dāng)疏散門沿長(zhǎng)邊或者短邊相對(duì)設(shè)置時(shí)對(duì)人員的安全疏散時(shí)間影響不大,但當(dāng)疏散門分居兩邊時(shí)疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)或相應(yīng)增加18.5%,不利于人員更快地進(jìn)行疏散;4、在進(jìn)行方案對(duì)比時(shí),筆者設(shè)定了三種不同的疏散方案,模擬分析了這三種疏散方案對(duì)人員疏散的影響,結(jié)果表明實(shí)行方案二的人員疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)比方案一的時(shí)長(zhǎng)增幅達(dá)到了 43,8%,方案三更是比方案一的疏散時(shí)長(zhǎng)增加了 83.4%,由此可見制定較為合理的疏散方案更加有利于人員的逃生。另外參考安全出口使用效率參數(shù)亦即OPS,依據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)定人員疏散模擬的出口使用效率是以0.1為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行衡量的。如果大于0.1就說明各出口在疏散的使用效能分配情況較差;反之則說明人員分配較為合理,在實(shí)行方案一時(shí)安全出口的使用效率為0.036,低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值0.1,這也就說明方案一的設(shè)置對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)較短時(shí)間完成人員疏散是有利的,而在實(shí)行方案二和方案三時(shí),安全出口的使用效率分別為0.538和0.877,均遠(yuǎn)大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值0.1,說明這兩種方案都是不利于人員安全疏散的。研究分析的結(jié)果會(huì)通過硬件和軟件兩方面對(duì)建筑的消防性能化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, construction technology continues to improve, more and more complex structure of modern architecture, meanwhile, has caused great impact on personnel in emergency evacuation. In recent years, frequent fire accidents, causing many casualties, caused a great threat to people's life the property in the event of emergencies, how to reduce the time required for safety evacuation, to ensure the safety of personnel evacuation is becoming more and more important. The main purpose of this paper is to optimize the building fire protection design, reasonable layout safety exit and evacuation route planning, to further reduce the required safety egress time. On the basis of building fire safety regulations "Design >, is limited to a fire zone of not less than two and a safe exit between the exit nearest edge distance for the design of buildings export safety regulations Not less than 5 metres, fire zone of arbitrary point to the nearest exit distance should not be greater than 30 meters, which gives designers considerable space to play. At the same time, in terms of the use of the building, and no regulations strictly limit the flow of people, it will make a larger gap in the number of working days holidays and personnel within the building. The author uses the evacuation simulation software Building Exodus, the establishment of personnel behavior model, simulation analysis of the personnel density, safety exit location, safety exit number and evacuation plan of four factors on the impact of evacuation time, combined with the engineering example of evacuation simulation results were to support the above. Through simulation analysis, we can clearly see that: 1, the total evacuation time is increased with increase of the density of the staff, and through the comparison can be used to get people The density of =0.51 member /m2 than P =0.45 /m2 when the total evacuation time increased by 17.7%, which also quantitatively determine the considerable effect of density on the evacuation of personnel is long; 2, carries on the analysis from the perspective of the number of exit, the total width of evacuation under the same premise, can to see when people set up two fan the same width when the evacuation door total evacuation time is 132.6s, and the total evacuation of personnel set up a narrow width of two three doors when the length is 138.9s, the time for an increase of 4.8%, from the data analysis of the situation in the total width of evacuation under the condition of the same number of different security settings exit effect of safety evacuation of the total length is small; 3, from the exit position, when the evacuation door is opposite along the long side or the short side when the safety evacuation time of personnel is not affected, but when the evacuation evacuation door separated when both sides of time or increase 18.5%, is not conducive to faster evacuation of personnel; 4, the plan comparison, we set three different evacuation plans, simulation analysis of the influence that the three evacuation plan on evacuation, results show that the personnel evacuation plan two longer than the length of the program increased by 43,8% scheme of midnight is than one evacuation length increased by 83.4%, thus making evacuation scheme more reasonable and more conducive to the personnel to escape. Another reference exit efficiency parameter is OPS, according to the relevant provisions of the personnel evacuation simulation export efficiency is measured by 0.1. If greater than 0.1 indicates the export in the poor efficiency distribution of evacuation; otherwise, personnel allocation is reasonable, in the implementation of a safe exit efficiency is 0.036, lower than the standard value of 0.1, that is to say A set of plans for a short period of time to complete the evacuation is beneficial, and in the implementation of the scheme two and three, the use efficiency of safety exports were 0.538 and 0.877, are far greater than the standard value of 0.1, indicating that the two schemes are not conducive to the safe evacuation of the research results. Through the two aspects of hardware and software to provide reference and basis for the design of fire performance-based building.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU892

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 陳文;;有關(guān)安全出口條款規(guī)定執(zhí)行問題的探討[J];煤炭工程;2007年08期

2 王雷平;;采煤工作面上、下安全出口長(zhǎng)度的確定[J];煤;2011年07期

3 陳賢;;淺談采煤工作面安全出口——翠屏山礦采面安全出口存在的問題及解決方案[J];河南科技;2013年12期

4 王增全;;論大型礦井增設(shè)采區(qū)安全出口的必要性[J];山西焦煤科技;2013年10期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭思海;基于數(shù)值模擬的人員疏散設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化研究[D];安徽理工大學(xué);2017年

，

本文編號(hào)：1718299