本文選題：疏散時間　切入點：聚類　出處：《天津工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,人民生活水平得到了顯著提高,對建筑構(gòu)造及功能性有了進一步提高,根據(jù)公安部消防局統(tǒng)計,近幾年火災起數(shù)呈上升趨勢,因建筑火災造成的人員傷亡也是不小的數(shù)目,為減少人員傷亡降低財產(chǎn)損失,同時分析影響人員疏散的主要因素。本文主要研究了在建筑火災發(fā)生時,快速有效的進行人員疏散,縮短疏散時間,為人員逃生提供更大的幾率。根據(jù)大量閱讀文獻,發(fā)生火災時,影響人員疏散的主要因素有有毒有害氣體,出口的寬度、過道的寬度、滅火系統(tǒng)、疏散系統(tǒng)等。本文根據(jù)指標選擇的原則,選定火災環(huán)境、出口寬度、人員密度等13個因素為評價指標,利用聚類分析法,將13個因素分為A、B、C三大類。以疏散因素為評價指標,對13項因素進行主成分分析,并確定權(quán)重,其三個主成分的主要影響因素為火災環(huán)境、人員情況、建筑設(shè)施。同時確定出各指標因素的權(quán)重比例,選取CO含量、人員密度、人員速度、障礙物數(shù)量、出口寬度5個因素作為驗證指標。根據(jù)主成分分析法確定的影響疏散時間的主要因素,選取某服裝廠為研究對象,利用FDS+Evac進行計算機模擬。并對結(jié)果進行極差分析,表明CO含量、人員密度、人員速度對疏散時間的影響顯著。與主成分分析得出的結(jié)論基本一致。最后,依據(jù)風險分析理論,提出影響疏散因素可控度的概念,并根據(jù)公式進行計算,得出各類疏散因素的可控度。對建筑消防設(shè)計具有重要意義。并從人員管理、有毒有害物質(zhì)管理、障礙物數(shù)量等方面提出了降低疏散時間的有效措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the standard of living of the people has been greatly improved, and the structure and function of the buildings have been further improved. According to the statistics of the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, the number of fires has increased in recent years. The number of casualties caused by building fires is not small. In order to reduce casualties and reduce property losses, the main factors affecting evacuation are analyzed. To evacuate people quickly and effectively, shorten the evacuation time, and provide a greater chance for people to escape. According to a large number of reading documents, the main factors affecting evacuation in the event of a fire are toxic and harmful gases and the width of the exit. The width of corridor, fire extinguishing system, evacuation system, etc. According to the principle of index selection, 13 factors, such as fire environment, exit width and personnel density, are selected as evaluation indexes in this paper, and cluster analysis method is used. The 13 factors are divided into three categories, the evacuation factor is used as the evaluation index, the 13 factors are analyzed by principal component analysis, and the weight is determined. The main influencing factors of the three principal components are fire environment, personnel condition, etc. Building facilities. At the same time determine the weight ratio of each index factor, select CO content, personnel density, personnel speed, number of obstacles, Five factors of exit width are taken as the verification index. According to the main factors of influencing evacuation time determined by principal component analysis, a garment factory is selected as the object of study, and the computer simulation is carried out by using FDS Evac, and the results are analyzed by range analysis. The results show that CO content, personnel density and personnel velocity have significant influence on evacuation time, which is consistent with the conclusion of principal component analysis. Finally, according to the theory of risk analysis, the concept of controllability of factors affecting evacuation is put forward. According to the formula, the controllable degree of all kinds of evacuation factors is obtained, which is of great significance to the fire protection design of buildings. The effective measures to reduce evacuation time are put forward from the aspects of personnel management, management of toxic and harmful substances, number of obstacles and so on.
【學位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU998.1

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