本文選題：撒拉族　切入點：籬笆樓　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：撒拉族傳統(tǒng)民居是中國少數(shù)民族文化和傳統(tǒng)建筑體系中一個獨特的分支,在撒拉族主要聚居地之一的青海循化撒拉族自治縣的鄉(xiāng)村聚落中,以傳統(tǒng)莊廓院為主要的居住形式,莊廓院內(nèi)單體民居又分為松木大房和籬笆樓民居兩種形式。本文所研究的籬笆樓民居,是以籬笆圍墻建樓,斜置板梯為標志,適應地方資源與氣候條件建造而成,具有強烈的生態(tài)理念和精妙的營建智慧,是一方土建筑的多樣性代表之一。鄉(xiāng)土建筑的傳統(tǒng)營建技藝是一項多方因素結合的社會活動,其體現(xiàn)了人與物,物與物,人與人之間的關系。這些關系相互作用,生成以及影響鄉(xiāng)土建筑風貌和地域文化。因此,對于營建技藝的保護與傳承也是對其載體鄉(xiāng)土建筑和地域文化的保護與傳承。在經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的今天,新建筑的多樣性、傳統(tǒng)民居缺乏保護,以及營建技藝的高科技化,使得傳統(tǒng)營建技藝在保護與傳承中流失或失真,從而嚴重制約了傳統(tǒng)民居的發(fā)展。由此可見,保護瀕臨滅絕而籬笆樓營建技藝迫在眉睫。文章結合作者的認知程度與學術水平,以營建技藝為切入點,能夠較為全面地了解保護與傳承籬笆樓及其營建技藝的價值所在,并提出可行性的保護與傳承策略,以提高營造價值可能性。本文將研究對象分為三個部分進行解析,第一部分(第一章至第三章)針對撒拉族籬笆樓進行背景的梳理分析。通過文獻資料法和分析歸納法,運用人居環(huán)境科學的相關理論,從建筑學層面對撒拉族的概況進行解析,總結出影響撒拉族籬笆樓生成的內(nèi)因與外因,以及籬笆樓營建技藝衰退的內(nèi)因與外因。第二部分(第四章至第五章)是論文重點章節(jié),對營建技藝進行較為完整的梳理和記錄。以營建技藝為切入點,運用了文獻資料法、田野調(diào)研法、分析歸納法,通過對僅存的籬笆樓聚落——青海循化孟達大莊村進行走訪和調(diào)查,從建筑學角度,對籬笆樓營建技藝進行靜態(tài)分解,研究其載體的物質文化特性;并結合人類學與社會學角度,對營建技藝進行動態(tài)分析,較為完整的記錄了施工過程及技術要點。第三部分(第六章)對營建技藝的保護與傳承更提出有效的策略與措施。通過對前五章的分析,得出撒拉族傳統(tǒng)籬笆樓營建技藝保護與傳承的價值,并且針對可營造價值的技藝要點,編笆技藝、輕型結構、空間形態(tài)等,及營建智慧,因地制宜,節(jié)地理念等,進行研究與提取,使之優(yōu)化和多樣化。例如將編笆技藝符號化,建筑形制的模數(shù)化,建筑構件的預制化等,以僅有的籬笆樓聚落孟達大莊為案例,將這些優(yōu)化后的營建技藝作用在新型籬笆樓民居中,或將因地制宜的營建智慧拓展到其他的領域。通過以上部分的研究,最終得出以下結論,撒拉族籬笆樓是一種瀕臨滅絕的少數(shù)民族民居,也是一方鄉(xiāng)土建筑風貌代表之一,具有較高的文化研究價值,在當代環(huán)境中,籬笆樓的建筑形態(tài)具有較強的符號性和辨識度,通過對籬笆樓特色建筑形態(tài)的“產(chǎn)業(yè)型”保護與傳承可達到將撒拉族文化發(fā)揚的目的,即可提升其社會文化價值地位,也可帶來一定的社會經(jīng)濟效益,最終達到一個良性的發(fā)展循環(huán)。對營建籬笆樓這種特色建筑形態(tài)的營建技藝進行技術提升和優(yōu)化,則使這種特色的民居建筑形態(tài)得到保護與傳承,同時民居也成為營建技藝的載體,將技藝與智慧傳承下去。
[Abstract]:Salar traditional dwelling is a unique branch of culture Chinese ethnic and traditional architecture, one of the main settlements in rural settlements salar Qinghai Salar Autonomous County in Xunhua, based on the traditional Zhuang profile as the main hospital living form, Zhuang profile hospital residential monomer is divided into large pine and fence the building houses two forms. The fence is building to building houses, fences, walls, inclined ladder plate as a symbol, to adapt to local climate conditions and resources built, construction wisdom has strong ecological concept and exquisite, is a representative of the diversity of Party building. The traditional vernacular architecture construction technology is a combination of various factors of social activities, which reflects the people and things, things and things, the relationship between people. The interaction, generation and influence of vernacular architecture style and regional culture. Therefore, for the construction of The protection and inheritance of art is the carrier of vernacular architecture and local culture protection and inheritance. In today's rapid economic development, the diversity of new buildings, traditional houses and lack of protection, high-tech construction techniques, the traditional construction techniques of loss or distortion in the protection and inheritance, which seriously hampered the development of traditional dwellings. Thus, the protection of endangered and fence building construction techniques is imminent. Combined with the author's cognition degree and academic level, to build skills as the starting point, to a more comprehensive understanding of the protection and inheritance of fence building and construction techniques of the value, and put forward the feasibility of the strategy of protection and inheritance, in order to improve the build value possibility. This research object is divided into three parts for analysis, the first part (Chapter one to chapter third) were analyzed according to the background of building the fence Salar comb. Through literature analysis and inductive method, using the relevant theories of the science of human settlements, analysis of Salar face from the architecture layer, summed up the impact of internal and external causes of Salar formation and building a fence, fence building construction techniques of internal and external recession. In the second part (the fourth chapter to the fifth chapter) is the key chapter, review and complete records of construction techniques in construction techniques. As the starting point, the use of literature, field investigation method, analysis method, through the fence building only Meng Da village settlements Qinghai Xunhua visits and investigation, from the angle of architecture, the building construction techniques of static decomposition fence material culture, characteristics of the carrier; and combination of Anthropology and sociology, the dynamic analysis of construction techniques, a more complete record of the construction process and technical points. The three part (the sixth chapter) to protect and inherit the construction technology more effective measures and strategies are proposed. Based on the analysis of the first five chapters, the Salar traditional fence building construction techniques for protection and inheritance of the value, and to create art value points, Barbara coding technology, light type structure, space form. And the construction of wisdom, according to local conditions, festival concept, research and extraction, the optimization and diversification. For example, Barbara symbolic coding techniques, modular architecture, building component prefabrication, with only the fence building settlement Meng Da Da Zhuang as the case, the role of these construction techniques optimized at the center the new fence building people, or the local construction wisdom to expand into other areas. On the basis of the above, finally draw a conclusion that the Salar fence floor is a kind of endangered minority residential areas, as well as a local One of the architectural style, cultural value is high, in the current environment, the fence building has a strong symbolic form and identification, based on the characteristics of the architectural form of building the fence "industry" and the protection and inheritance of the Salar culture purpose, can enhance the value of social culture status, also can bring certain social and economic benefits, and ultimately achieve a virtuous cycle of development. Construction techniques on the construction characteristics of this building fence building form technical upgrading and optimization, residential buildings form the characteristics of protection and inheritance, but also become a carrier of residential construction techniques, skills and wisdom inheritance go on.

【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU253

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