本文選題：地鐵隧道　切入點(diǎn)：高層建筑　出處：《湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了地下鐵路工程的增多,地鐵的建造能有效的緩解地上交通壓力,但同時(shí)也造成了一系列的問(wèn)題,地鐵隧道的開挖會(huì)不可避免的造成地表移動(dòng)和變形,對(duì)已有的地上建筑物和地下管道線路產(chǎn)生一定的影響,對(duì)高層建筑物的影響更明顯。因此研究地鐵隧道開挖造成的地表移動(dòng)和變形對(duì)高層建筑物的影響,提出相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施,對(duì)于保證建筑物的安全性具有重要意義。研究地鐵隧道開挖對(duì)高層建筑的影響的方法眾多,由于解析解的難以實(shí)現(xiàn),數(shù)值計(jì)算成為計(jì)算隧道開挖造成的地表移動(dòng)和變形的主要方法,有限單元法由于它的通用性和簡(jiǎn)易性而被廣泛使用。本文首先介紹了地鐵隧道開挖產(chǎn)生的地表變形機(jī)理、地表沉降的預(yù)測(cè)方法及對(duì)周圍建筑物產(chǎn)生的影響效應(yīng),為研究隧道開挖提供了理論基礎(chǔ);同時(shí)研究了有限元法的基本原理及運(yùn)用有限元軟件ABAQUS模擬隧道開挖中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。本文最后以濟(jì)南地鐵開挖工程為實(shí)例,通過(guò)ABAQUS有限元軟件進(jìn)行計(jì)算,研究了地鐵隧道在不同埋深、不同距離的情況下產(chǎn)生的地表移動(dòng)和變形對(duì)周圍建筑物造成的影響。本文得出以下結(jié)論:(1)隧道開挖后,位移主要發(fā)生在隧道周圍的土體,隧道的頂端由于上部土體和建筑物的重力作用,產(chǎn)生較大的縱向位移;橫向土壓力使得這個(gè)模型向內(nèi)擠壓,隧道底部出現(xiàn)上拱位移,隧道的左、右兩側(cè)出現(xiàn)較大的水平位移。在開挖過(guò)程中,土壓力對(duì)于位移和應(yīng)力的改變起到主要作用。(2)對(duì)于不同埋深的隧道開挖進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明由于土層分布的特殊性,隨著隧道埋深的增大,建筑物的最大沉降先減小后增大,隧道埋深在18米時(shí),建筑物的沉降值是最小的,因此地鐵隧道的最佳埋深是18米;同一埋深情況下,隨著節(jié)點(diǎn)到建筑物中心軸線的距離的減小,位移逐漸增大,但位移的變化量逐漸減小。(3)對(duì)于到建筑物不同距離的隧道開挖的模擬,結(jié)果表明隨著距離越遠(yuǎn),建筑物的縱向位移越小,建筑物的沉降值變化趨勢(shì)逐漸平緩,當(dāng)隧道隧道的中心在建筑物的中心軸線上時(shí),建筑物的沉降值最大;在隧道與建筑物的距離大于20m時(shí),此時(shí)建筑物的最大沉降值小于20mm。隧道的最佳開挖距離應(yīng)在建筑物20米之外。
[Abstract]:The development of the city has promoted the increase of the underground railway project. The construction of the subway can effectively relieve the pressure of traffic on the ground, but it also causes a series of problems. The excavation of the subway tunnel will inevitably lead to the surface movement and deformation. This paper studies the influence of ground movement and deformation caused by subway tunnel excavation on high-rise buildings, and puts forward corresponding protective measures. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of buildings. There are many methods to study the influence of subway tunnel excavation on high-rise buildings. Numerical calculation has become the main method to calculate the surface movement and deformation caused by tunnel excavation. The finite element method is widely used because of its generality and simplicity. This paper first introduces the mechanism of surface deformation caused by subway tunnel excavation. The prediction method of surface subsidence and the effect on the surrounding buildings provide a theoretical basis for the study of tunnel excavation. At the same time, the basic principle of finite element method and the key problems in simulating tunnel excavation with finite element software ABAQUS are studied. Finally, taking Jinan subway excavation project as an example, the calculation is carried out by ABAQUS finite element software. In this paper, the influence of surface movement and deformation on the surrounding buildings under different buried depth and distance is studied. The following conclusion is drawn: after excavation, the displacement mainly occurs in the soil around the tunnel. The top of the tunnel produces a large longitudinal displacement due to the gravity action of the upper soil and the building; the transverse earth pressure causes the model to squeeze inward, the bottom of the tunnel appears the displacement of the arch, and the left side of the tunnel. In the excavation process, the earth pressure plays a major role in the change of displacement and stress. With the increase of the buried depth of the tunnel, the maximum settlement of the building decreases first and then increases. When the buried depth of the tunnel is 18 meters, the settlement value of the building is the smallest, so the optimum buried depth of the subway tunnel is 18 meters. With the decrease of the distance from the node to the center axis of the building, the displacement increases gradually, but the variation of displacement decreases gradually. When the center of the tunnel is on the center axis of the building, the settlement value of the building is the largest, and when the distance between the tunnel and the building is more than 20m, The maximum settlement value of the building is less than 20mm. the optimum excavation distance of the tunnel should be 20 meters away from the building.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U455.43;TU971

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