本文選題：電廠循環(huán)水　切入點：熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：火電廠循環(huán)冷卻水余熱作為一種低品位的熱源,若直接將其排放到大氣環(huán)境中,是一種非常大的能源浪費,應(yīng)當(dāng)采取有效的措施,設(shè)法減少冷源余熱損失,提高熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組的整體熱效率。隨著熱泵技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和逐漸成熟,利用熱泵可以將循環(huán)冷卻水中的低品位熱能轉(zhuǎn)化成高品位熱能,同時還能夠提高機(jī)組的效率和供熱能力。吸收式熱泵在中小型熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組中的應(yīng)用已較為普遍,但是在300MW的大型機(jī)組中應(yīng)用較少,本文以濟(jì)南黃臺電廠2×300MW熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組為例,對現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了用能分析,確定了電廠的主要能量損失,分析了回收冷卻水余熱的節(jié)能潛力。通過比較各種回收電廠循環(huán)水余熱的技術(shù)措施,確定采用吸收式熱泵供熱是回收電廠循環(huán)水余熱的最佳技術(shù)措施。本文通過對黃臺電廠熱網(wǎng)的分析,確定了以循環(huán)冷卻水作為低溫?zé)嵩?以汽輪機(jī)的五段抽汽作為驅(qū)動汽源,使用熱泵機(jī)組提高供熱管網(wǎng)回水溫度的改造思路。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對熱泵蒸汽系統(tǒng)及配套疏水系統(tǒng)、廠區(qū)內(nèi)熱力管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)以及循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)提出了具有針對性的改造方案,對吸收式熱泵在大型熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了有益的探索。通過選取供暖季工況均值,以發(fā)電量和供熱量為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對發(fā)電機(jī)組帶熱泵運(yùn)行和不帶熱泵運(yùn)行兩種方式下的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析。在供熱量以及發(fā)電量相同的情況下,比較了熱效率、供熱煤耗、發(fā)電煤耗以及總煤耗等參數(shù),分析了使用熱泵機(jī)組供熱的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。最后,通過費用年值法和動態(tài)投資回收期法對改造方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益行了評估,確定了吸收式熱泵回收循環(huán)水余熱改造項目的可行性。項目投運(yùn)后,從第5年開始實現(xiàn)盈利,在現(xiàn)有供熱面積不變的情況下,全廠熱效率可由64.837%提高到68.99%,每年可節(jié)約標(biāo)煤23940噸,減排二氧化碳62728噸,二氧化硫203.5噸,氮氧化物177.1噸,粉塵359.1噸,灰渣6224.4噸。因此,該項目具備可行性,具有可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、環(huán)保效益和社會效益。
[Abstract]:The waste heat of circulating cooling water in thermal power plant as a low-grade heat source, if it is discharged directly into the atmospheric environment, is a very big energy waste. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reduce the waste heat loss of the cold source. With the rapid development and maturity of heat pump technology, the low grade heat energy in circulating cooling water can be converted into high grade heat energy by using heat pump. At the same time, it can also improve the efficiency and heating capacity of the unit. Absorption heat pump has been widely used in small and medium-sized cogeneration units, but it is seldom used in large 300MW units. This paper takes the 2 脳 300MW cogeneration unit of Jinan Huangtai Power Plant as an example. The energy use analysis of the existing system is carried out, the main energy loss of the power plant is determined, and the energy saving potential of the waste heat recovery of the cooling water is analyzed. By comparing various technical measures for recycling the waste heat of the circulating water in the power plant, It is determined that absorption heat pump heating is the best technical measure to recover the waste heat of circulating water in power plant. Through the analysis of the heat network of Huangtai Power Plant, it is determined that the circulating cooling water is used as the low temperature heat source, and the steam extraction of the steam turbine is used as the driving steam source. On the basis of the idea of improving the backwater temperature of heat supply pipe network by using heat pump unit, this paper puts forward the corresponding retrofit scheme for the heat pump steam system and associated drainage system, the heat pipe network system and the circulating cooling water system in the factory area. The application of absorption heat pump in large heat and power cogeneration unit is explored. By selecting the mean value of heating season, the standard of energy generation and heat supply is taken as the standard. In this paper, the thermal economic indexes of heat pump operation with and without heat pump are analyzed. The thermal efficiency, coal consumption of heating, coal consumption of power generation and total coal consumption are compared under the same conditions of heat supply and electricity generation. The economy of using heat pump unit to heat supply is analyzed. Finally, the economic benefit of the retrofit scheme is evaluated by the annual cost method and the dynamic investment payback period method. The feasibility of the project of recovering waste heat from circulating water by absorption heat pump is determined. After the project is put into operation, the profit will be realized from the fifth year. Under the condition that the existing heating area is unchanged, the thermal efficiency of the whole plant can be increased from 64.837% to 68.9937%, and the standard coal can be saved 23940 tons per year. 62728 tons of carbon dioxide, 203.5 tons of sulfur dioxide, 177.1 tons of nitrogen oxides, 359.1 tons of dust and 6224.4 tons of slag. Therefore, the project is feasible and has considerable economic, environmental and social benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU83

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