本文選題：甘肅省　切入點(diǎn)：東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：步入中國(guó)發(fā)展新常態(tài)以來(lái),黨中央國(guó)務(wù)院與地方對(duì)農(nóng)村的建設(shè)發(fā)展提出了一系列的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。例如縣(市)域鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)規(guī)劃和村莊規(guī)劃、美麗鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃、傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)規(guī)劃等。在此背景下,研究縣域村莊布局優(yōu)化切合當(dāng)前的農(nóng)村發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,符合農(nóng)村發(fā)展的需求與利益。本文選取甘肅省東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣為研究對(duì)象,在理論方法支撐下,研究其縣域村莊空間布局特征,提出優(yōu)化策略,對(duì)促進(jìn)其村莊經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,維持良好的農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境,提高農(nóng)民生活質(zhì)量以及解決城鄉(xiāng)用地矛盾、加快城鄉(xiāng)一體化進(jìn)程和全面建成小康社會(huì)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。首先,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研了解當(dāng)?shù)氐幕厩闆r和收集縣域、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、行政村的數(shù)據(jù)資料,以第二次全國(guó)土地調(diào)查東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣數(shù)字高程模型和TM遙感影像圖等為數(shù)據(jù)支撐,提取縣域居民點(diǎn)、地形因子和其他地類數(shù)據(jù),采用ArcGIS技術(shù)平臺(tái),運(yùn)用常規(guī)Voronoi圖和景觀格局指數(shù)對(duì)東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣縣域村莊布局特征進(jìn)行了分析,縣域及各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的Voronoi多邊形Cv值都大于64%,村莊整體空間布局均為集聚型。景觀格局指數(shù)表明縣域呈現(xiàn)出破碎度相對(duì)較低、部分斑塊零散分布、部分斑塊穩(wěn)定的景觀格局。整體空間布局表現(xiàn)出“大聚居、小散居”的特征,主要受該地區(qū)地形地貌、區(qū)位條件、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)條件的影響。其次,利用ArcGIS技術(shù)平臺(tái),對(duì)影響村莊布局的自然因素、區(qū)位因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)因素進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得出東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣縣域村莊的布局模式主要以衛(wèi)星式布局、帶狀式布局、多邊形式布局、自由式布局四種為主。再采用層次分析法對(duì)影響因素進(jìn)行了權(quán)重排序,依次為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害(0.2654)、距集鎮(zhèn)距離(0.1892)、坡度(0.1649)、人口密度(0.1194)、道路可達(dá)性(0.0767)、高程(0.0673)、植被環(huán)境(0.0420)、距水源距離(0.0311)、人均純收入(0.0308)、耕地規(guī)模(0.0132)。最后,建立綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)模型并建立四級(jí)量化賦值表,通過(guò)計(jì)算得到各村莊的綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)。按照村莊布局規(guī)劃原則,采用總分頻率曲線法將綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)分成以下三類區(qū)間:[42.8450,60.5700]、(60.5700,73.3713]、(73.3713,89.3300],分別對(duì)應(yīng)于控制發(fā)展型村莊、適度發(fā)展型村莊、積極發(fā)展型村莊。繼而通過(guò)劃分評(píng)價(jià)和規(guī)劃調(diào)整,在三類村莊的基礎(chǔ)上將村莊居民點(diǎn)劃分成城鎮(zhèn)化或集鎮(zhèn)化居民點(diǎn)、中心村居民點(diǎn)、遷移合并居民點(diǎn)、自然保留居民點(diǎn),疊加形成東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣縣域村莊布局優(yōu)化結(jié)果,并提出三種類型村莊和四種類型居民點(diǎn)的發(fā)展策略,為東鄉(xiāng)族自治縣縣域鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展提供借鑒與引導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Since entering the new normal of China's development, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and local governments have put forward a series of development strategies for rural construction. For example, county (city) territory rural construction planning and village planning, beautiful rural planning, Traditional village protection planning and so on. Under this background, the study of county village layout optimization is in line with the current rural development strategy, and conforms to the needs and interests of rural development. In this paper, Dongxiang Autonomous County of Gansu Province is selected as the research object. Under the support of the theory and method, this paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics of the county villages, and puts forward the optimization strategies, which can promote the development of the village economy, maintain a good rural ecological environment, improve the quality of life of the peasants and solve the contradiction between urban and rural land use. It is of practical significance to speed up the process of urban-rural integration and to build a well-off society in an all-round way. First of all, through on-the-spot research and understanding of the basic local conditions and the collection of data from counties, towns, and administrative villages, Based on the current situation database of Dongxiang Autonomous County in the second national land survey, the digital elevation model and TM remote sensing image map of Dongxiang Autonomous County as data support, the county residential area, terrain factors and other ground data were extracted, and the ArcGIS technology platform was adopted. The characteristics of village layout in Dongxiang Autonomous County were analyzed by using conventional Voronoi map and landscape pattern index. The Voronoi polygon CV value of county and township is greater than 64, and the whole spatial distribution of village is agglomeration type. The landscape pattern index shows that the fragmentation degree of county is relatively low, and some patches are scattered. Part of the stable landscape pattern of patches. The overall spatial layout shows the characteristics of "large settlement, small scattered", mainly affected by the terrain and geomorphology, location conditions, economic and social conditions. Secondly, the use of ArcGIS technology platform, Based on the statistical analysis of the natural factors, location factors and economic and social factors affecting the layout of villages, it is concluded that the layout patterns of the county villages in Dongxiang Autonomous County are mainly satellite layout, banded layout, polygonal layout, etc. There are four main types of freestyle layout. Then the weight ranking of the influencing factors is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The order is geological hazards (0.2654m), distance from market towns (0.1892m), slope (0.1649m), population density (0.1194), road accessibility (0.07677), elevation (0.0673N), vegetation environment (0.0420), distance from water source (0.0311m), per capita net income (0.0308m), cultivated land scale (0.0132n). Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index model is established and a four-level quantitative assignment table is established. According to the principle of village layout planning, the comprehensive evaluation index is divided into the following three types by using the method of total frequency curve: [42.8450 / 60.5700] (60.5700/ 73.3713 / 73.3713) respectively, corresponding to the controlled and moderately developed villages, respectively. Then, on the basis of the three kinds of villages, they are divided into urbanization or town settlements, central village settlements, migration and amalgamation of settlements, and natural reservation of settlements. Superposition forms the optimized result of the county village layout of Dongxiang Autonomous County, and puts forward the development strategy of three types of villages and four types of residential areas, which provides reference and guidance for the development of the county area of Dongxiang Autonomous County.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29

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