本文選題：城市風(fēng)熱環(huán)境　切入點：空間形態(tài)　出處：《深圳大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國目前面臨前所未有的高速城市化進(jìn)程。城市建成區(qū)域建筑愈發(fā)密集的現(xiàn)狀帶來了一系列城市問題,城市微氣候惡化也是突出問題之一。對城市規(guī)劃、建設(shè)行業(yè)而言,有必要借助多學(xué)科的最新技術(shù)成果,提出緩解城市環(huán)境壓力、提高城市生態(tài)和健康環(huán)境品質(zhì)的有效方法,保證城市人口健康舒適生活的權(quán)益。本研究以此為出發(fā)點,以城市風(fēng)熱環(huán)境改善為具體目標(biāo),結(jié)合建筑學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃學(xué)、計算機技術(shù)等多領(lǐng)域技術(shù)手段,試圖建立一套城市設(shè)計自動生成與優(yōu)化的科學(xué)方法,以適用于城市規(guī)劃領(lǐng)域中從中觀尺度的分區(qū)規(guī)劃到較為微觀的街區(qū)尺度城市設(shè)計的不同層面工作需要。在中觀尺度的設(shè)計尋優(yōu)方法研究中,采用城市氣候地圖的理論作為尋優(yōu)的核心機理。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)的需要對區(qū)域進(jìn)行柵格化處理,并設(shè)置與格柵對應(yīng)的若干種單元模塊,通過控制模塊的建筑密度、高度等參數(shù)使之表征不同的城市建成區(qū)情況。以城市熱累積最低為目標(biāo),在Rhino Grasshopper的軟件平臺上使用遺傳算法進(jìn)行各種模塊不同比例、不同分布的方案自動尋優(yōu),以生成既定容積率條件下的環(huán)境最優(yōu)布局。在微觀尺度的設(shè)計尋優(yōu)方法研究中,本研究首先進(jìn)行了街區(qū)形態(tài)特征指標(biāo)要素對街區(qū)整體風(fēng)環(huán)境影響的機理研究。使用CFD軟件工具建立半抽象模型進(jìn)行模擬分析,提取代表不同模型形態(tài)特征的建筑密度、高度比、間隙率等要素,利用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計對形態(tài)要素的對街區(qū)整體風(fēng)環(huán)境的影響程度進(jìn)行回歸分析,篩選相關(guān)要素并形成定量的回歸方程。在此基礎(chǔ)上再次利用Rhino Grasshopper軟件平臺,對該尺度下的建筑形態(tài)及布局進(jìn)行生成方法研究。將中觀尺度的設(shè)計生成的結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)作為生成條件,代入微觀尺度設(shè)計生成中,以上階段得出的風(fēng)速與形態(tài)要素指標(biāo)間回歸方程為尋優(yōu)機理驅(qū)動遺傳計算,經(jīng)過代際遺傳、進(jìn)化獲得該尺度的風(fēng)環(huán)境最優(yōu)的布局設(shè)計方案。作為全流程設(shè)計方法的驗證和應(yīng)用,選取深圳蛇口四海公園片區(qū)的實際情況進(jìn)行生成設(shè)計的案例研究。結(jié)果顯示,軟件工作以及遺傳算法對兩個尺度的生成具有良好的兼容性,可在實際案例的具體約束條件下穩(wěn)定進(jìn)化方向,生成具有針對性的較理想的布局方案。驗證了本研究提出的設(shè)計尋優(yōu)方法及其相關(guān)系統(tǒng)的合理性、穩(wěn)定性和有效性。
[Abstract]:China is now facing an unprecedented process of rapid urbanization. The increasing density of urban built-up areas has brought about a series of urban problems, and the deterioration of urban microclimate is one of the outstanding problems. It is necessary to put forward effective methods to alleviate urban environmental pressure, improve the quality of urban ecology and healthy environment, and guarantee the rights and interests of healthy and comfortable life of urban population. Taking the improvement of the urban wind-heat environment as the specific goal and combining with the multi-domain technical means such as architecture, urban planning and computer technology, this paper attempts to establish a set of scientific methods for automatic generation and optimization of urban design. In order to meet the needs of different levels of urban planning in the field of urban planning, from the mesoscale zoning planning to the more microscopic block scale urban design, in the study of the mesoscale design optimization method, The theory of urban climate map is adopted as the core mechanism of optimization. According to the need of data expression, the area is rasterized, and several kinds of unit modules corresponding to the grid are set up to control the building density of the module. Taking the lowest urban thermal accumulation as the goal, genetic algorithm is used to automatically optimize various modules in different proportion and distribution on the software platform of Rhino Grasshopper. In order to generate the optimal layout of the environment under the condition of given volume ratio, in the study of the design optimization method at the micro scale, In this study, the mechanism of the influence of the index elements of the block shape characteristics on the overall wind environment of the block is studied. The semi-abstract model is established by using the CFD software tool to simulate and analyze, and the building density and height ratio representing the morphological characteristics of the different models are extracted. Based on the regression analysis of the influence degree of morphological factors on the overall wind environment of the block by mathematical statistics and other factors, the relevant factors are screened and a quantitative regression equation is formed. On the basis of this, the Rhino Grasshopper software platform is used again. The generation method of building form and layout under this scale is studied. The result data generated by the mesoscale design is taken as the generating condition, and then the micro-scale design is added to the generation. The regression equation between wind speed and morphological factors obtained in the above stage is the optimization mechanism driving genetic calculation. Through intergenerational heredity, the optimal layout design scheme of wind environment of this scale is obtained by evolution, which is used as the verification and application of the whole process design method. A case study on the generation design of Shikou Sihai Park in Shenzhen is carried out. The results show that the software and genetic algorithm have good compatibility with the generation of the two scales. The evolutionary direction can be stabilized under the specific constraints of practical cases, and a more targeted and ideal layout scheme can be generated. The rationality, stability and effectiveness of the proposed design optimization method and its related systems are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU119

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