本文選題：超聲波　切入點(diǎn)：譜分析　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力是判斷鋼結(jié)構(gòu)能否正常服役的指標(biāo)。檢測(cè)鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)對(duì)于掌握結(jié)構(gòu)安全性能、預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)服役壽命、判定結(jié)構(gòu)加固改造等具有重要意義。超聲波法相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力監(jiān)測(cè)和應(yīng)力檢測(cè)方法具有檢測(cè)對(duì)象范圍廣、檢測(cè)效率高、設(shè)備便于攜帶等優(yōu)點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)有基于聲時(shí)測(cè)量的超聲波法在測(cè)試過(guò)程中易受環(huán)境影響,且檢測(cè)儀器往往需具備高采樣率。譜分析技術(shù)作為信號(hào)分析的重要手段,能反應(yīng)鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力對(duì)超聲波頻域信號(hào)的影響規(guī)律�；诖�,本文提出了基于超聲波譜分析的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力識(shí)別方法,主要開(kāi)展以下研究工作:基于超聲波譜分析的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力識(shí)別理論公式建立。本文選擇具有寬頻帶的高頻窄脈沖橫波作為檢測(cè)鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力的超聲波波型,利用超聲波雙折射現(xiàn)象,建立數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)模型得到幅度譜調(diào)整函數(shù)。通過(guò)討論幅度譜調(diào)整函數(shù)特性,明確其物理含義并確定了幅度譜特征頻率的表達(dá)式。在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合不同類型超聲波聲彈性公式推導(dǎo)出應(yīng)力與幅度譜特征頻率的關(guān)系式�；诔暡ㄗV分析的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力識(shí)別及驗(yàn)證。依據(jù)用于檢測(cè)的超聲波特點(diǎn)和理論推導(dǎo),選擇合適的儀器進(jìn)行組合,并編譯信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊,完成基于超聲波譜分析的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力檢測(cè)硬件系統(tǒng)及軟件系統(tǒng)的搭建。由超聲橫波偏振角優(yōu)選試驗(yàn),定性驗(yàn)證了幅度譜調(diào)整函數(shù)的正確性,同時(shí)確定了最佳檢測(cè)偏振角。通過(guò)標(biāo)定試驗(yàn)得到應(yīng)力與幅度譜特征頻率的關(guān)系式,利用關(guān)系式進(jìn)一步完成超聲波譜識(shí)別鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力試驗(yàn),并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行誤差計(jì)算,驗(yàn)證了檢測(cè)方法的可行性�；诔暡ㄗV分析的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力識(shí)別影響因素探究。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究了檢測(cè)點(diǎn)位對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的影響,評(píng)價(jià)了檢測(cè)方法的穩(wěn)定性。改變鋼構(gòu)件的厚度進(jìn)行絕對(duì)應(yīng)力檢測(cè)試驗(yàn),分析了鋼構(gòu)件厚度對(duì)檢測(cè)敏感性的影響。同時(shí)鑒于鋼構(gòu)件在服役階段會(huì)處于不同的環(huán)境溫度,考慮溫度效應(yīng)對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的影響,推導(dǎo)出考慮溫度效應(yīng)的超聲波譜識(shí)別鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力公式。通過(guò)標(biāo)定試驗(yàn)確定溫度效應(yīng)系數(shù),進(jìn)而利用超聲波對(duì)考慮溫度效應(yīng)的鋼構(gòu)件絕對(duì)應(yīng)力實(shí)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)并采用應(yīng)變計(jì)法驗(yàn)證檢測(cè)結(jié)果。同時(shí)針對(duì)試驗(yàn)中反應(yīng)出的超聲波信號(hào)在高溫條件下發(fā)生衰減的原因進(jìn)行探究。
[Abstract]:The absolute stress of steel member is the index to judge whether the steel structure can be in service or not. The detection of the absolute stress state of steel member is helpful to master the safety performance of the structure and predict the service life of the structure. Compared with the traditional structural stress monitoring and stress detection methods, ultrasonic method has a wide range of detection objects and high detection efficiency. The existing ultrasonic method based on acoustic time measurement is easy to be affected by the environment in the testing process, and the detection instruments often need to have a high sampling rate. Spectral analysis technology is an important means of signal analysis. The influence of absolute stress on ultrasonic signal in frequency domain is studied. Based on this, a method of identifying absolute stress of steel component based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis is proposed. The main research work is as follows: the theoretical formula of absolute stress identification for steel members based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis is established. In this paper, the high frequency narrow pulse shear wave with wide frequency band is selected as the ultrasonic wave pattern to detect the absolute stress of steel members. By using the phenomenon of ultrasonic birefringence, a mathematical derivation model is established to obtain the amplitude spectrum adjustment function, and the characteristics of the amplitude spectrum adjustment function are discussed. The relationship between stress and characteristic frequency of amplitude spectrum is derived by combining with different types of ultrasonic acoustic elastic formula. Steel based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis. Identification and verification of absolute stress of components. Based on ultrasonic characteristics and theoretical derivation for testing, The proper instrument is selected and the signal data processing module is compiled to complete the hardware system and software system of absolute stress detection based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis. The correctness of amplitude spectrum adjustment function is verified qualitatively, and the optimum detection polarization angle is determined. The relationship between stress and characteristic frequency of amplitude spectrum is obtained by calibration test. By using the relation formula, the absolute stress test of steel members identified by ultrasonic spectrum is further completed, and the error calculation of the results is carried out. The feasibility of the detection method is verified. The influence factors of absolute stress identification of steel members based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis are explored. The stability of the test method is evaluated. The absolute stress test is carried out by changing the thickness of the steel member, and the influence of the thickness of the steel member on the detection sensitivity is analyzed. At the same time, in view of the fact that the steel member will be in different ambient temperature during the service phase, Considering the influence of temperature effect on the test results, the formula of absolute stress identification of steel members by ultrasonic spectrum considering temperature effect is deduced. The coefficient of temperature effect is determined by calibration test. Then the absolute stress of steel member considering temperature effect is detected by ultrasonic wave and the test result is verified by strain gauge method. At the same time, the reason of attenuation of ultrasonic signal under high temperature is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU511.3

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