本文選題：傳統(tǒng)聚落　切入點(diǎn)：水環(huán)境　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海南島位于中國(guó)版圖的最南端,全年夏長(zhǎng)無(wú)冬、陽(yáng)光雨量充沛、空氣自然清新、水質(zhì)清冽純凈、水塘溪河遍布,猶如"南海明珠"堪稱人間天堂。海南島獨(dú)特的地域自然環(huán)境是影響海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落發(fā)展演變的起點(diǎn)和重要因素。隨著聚落的不斷發(fā)展,人文環(huán)境因素諸如區(qū)域行政建置與人口遷移分布等要素逐漸從宏觀層面上對(duì)聚落格局分布和演變過(guò)程起到引導(dǎo)性作用,并作為重要影響因子映射到聚落的微觀層面,促進(jìn)聚落生活方式、空間形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)組成的演變。水在海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落中的眾多用途與功能都與其特殊的物理性質(zhì)有關(guān)。水具有的調(diào)節(jié)局部氣候、改善空氣質(zhì)量和提高舒適度的生態(tài)作用。水對(duì)聚落的選址、空間布局和邊界形態(tài)的都有著重要的影響。海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落的生態(tài)性主要通過(guò)構(gòu)成其水環(huán)境構(gòu)成要素的生態(tài)營(yíng)造方式來(lái)表現(xiàn)。聚落水環(huán)境包括從水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上的多種形式的水體和空間上構(gòu)成聚落環(huán)境的涉及水的各種構(gòu)成要素。海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落水環(huán)境的主要構(gòu)成要素涵蓋長(zhǎng)期有水存在或與水關(guān)系極為密切的聚落組成要素,如水泉、水井、水塘、水口和水田等。溫泉、冷泉和普通礦泉在海南島內(nèi)均有分布,尤其以火山巖溫泉和冷泉而聞名。水井是海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落中獲取水資源的主要途徑之一,促進(jìn)了海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落生存空間的擴(kuò)展和傳統(tǒng)文化的發(fā)展。水塘在調(diào)節(jié)傳統(tǒng)聚落局部微氣候和改善傳統(tǒng)聚落人居生態(tài)環(huán)境中起到十分重要的作用。水口的營(yíng)建遵從中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)水理念,其通常包括風(fēng)水林、風(fēng)水塔、橋梁、堤壩和祠廟等。水田既可以進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),又能調(diào)節(jié)聚落微氣候美化聚落環(huán)境。海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落水環(huán)境的次要構(gòu)成要素涵蓋短期有水存在或受水一定程度影響的聚落組成要素,如建筑、庭院、巷道和動(dòng)植物等。海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落中建筑的生態(tài)營(yíng)造技藝源于對(duì)防雨、防潮、儲(chǔ)水和排水等功能的最基本需求。庭院對(duì)傳統(tǒng)聚落局部微氣候起到重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。水在庭院內(nèi)循環(huán)而產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)效應(yīng)不但關(guān)系到聚落人居環(huán)境的舒適度,也對(duì)庭院內(nèi)構(gòu)筑物的空間形態(tài)、供水體系、排水方式、構(gòu)筑材料和裝飾樣式產(chǎn)生十分重要的影響。巷道與街是傳統(tǒng)聚落空間形態(tài)布局的結(jié)構(gòu)骨架,共同構(gòu)成了聚落中交通體系。供水與排水系統(tǒng)往往與聚落中聯(lián)系著每家每戶的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合,形成了兼具交通功能與供排水功能的巷道。海南島的自然條件十分優(yōu)越,陽(yáng)光充足,水量充沛,氣候適宜。為各種植物的旺盛生長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了良好的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ),為各種動(dòng)物的生存與繁衍提供了充足的食物來(lái)源。海南島的傳統(tǒng)聚落中適合養(yǎng)殖多種禽類與牲畜,適合種植多種熱帶經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。通過(guò)案例分析得出海南島傳統(tǒng)聚落水環(huán)境的生態(tài)營(yíng)造特點(diǎn)主要為:因地制宜,因水制宜;低技術(shù)生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)手法;良性的生態(tài)循環(huán)模式;實(shí)用的聚落水體系。正所謂:“一方山水養(yǎng)一方人,一方山水有一方風(fēng)情�！�
[Abstract]:Hainan Island is located in the southernmost part of China's territory. It has long summer and no winter, abundant sunshine and rainfall, natural fresh air, pure water quality, and abundant ponds and rivers. The unique natural environment of Hainan Island is the starting point and important factor influencing the development and evolution of Hainan Island's traditional settlement. Human environmental factors, such as regional administrative establishment and population migration distribution, gradually play a leading role in the distribution and evolution of settlement pattern from the macro level, and map to the micro level of settlement as an important influence factor. Promoting the evolution of settlement lifestyles, spatial forms and structural components. The many uses and functions of water in traditional settlements in Hainan Island are related to its particular physical properties. Ecological effects of improving air quality and improving comfort. The ecological nature of the traditional settlement in Hainan Island is mainly expressed by the ecological construction of the elements of its water environment. The settlement water environment includes the ecological environment of the water ecosystem. The main elements of the traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island cover the elements of settlement that have existed for a long time or are very closely related to water, Such as water springs, wells, reservoirs, water vents and paddy fields. Hot springs, cold springs and ordinary mineral springs are all distributed in Hainan Island, especially known for their volcanic rocks, hot springs and cold springs. Wells are one of the main ways to obtain water resources in the traditional settlements of Hainan Island. The pond plays an important role in regulating the local microclimate of the traditional settlement and improving the ecological environment of the traditional settlement. From the Chinese traditional geomantic concept, They usually include fengshui forests, fengshui towers, bridges, dikes, temples, etc. Paddy fields can be used for agricultural production. The secondary components of the traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island include those that have water in the short term or are affected to some extent by water, such as buildings, yards, etc. Laneway, animal and plant, etc. The ecological construction techniques of buildings in the traditional settlement of Hainan Island are derived from the protection against rain and moisture, The most basic requirement of water storage and drainage is that the courtyard plays an important role in regulating the local microclimate of the traditional settlement. The ecological effect of water circulation in the courtyard is not only related to the comfort of the settlement environment. It also has a very important influence on the spatial form, water supply system, drainage way, construction material and decoration style of the courtyard structure. The roadway and street are the structure skeleton of the traditional settlement space form layout, The water supply and drainage system is often combined with the transportation network of each household in the settlement, forming a roadway with both traffic function and water supply and drainage function. The natural conditions of Hainan Island are very good. The sun is abundant, the water is abundant, the climate is suitable. It creates a good environmental foundation for the vigorous growth of all kinds of plants. It provides sufficient food for the survival and reproduction of various animals. The traditional settlements of Hainan Island are suitable for raising a wide variety of poultry and livestock. The ecological construction characteristics of traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island are as follows: suitable for local conditions, suitable for water system, low technology ecological design technique, benign ecological circulation mode; Practical settlement water system. As the saying goes, "one side supports one side of the landscape, one side of the landscape has one side amorous feelings."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29

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