本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市山地公園 景觀視覺評價(jià) 景觀生態(tài) GIS　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市山地公園不同于一般意義上的城市公園,也不同于森林公園,既具有原生植被類型,又有人為的公共空間營造,具有一定特殊性。相對于人工干預(yù)強(qiáng)的城市公園而言,城市山地公園具有半天然的空間分布、較穩(wěn)定的群落構(gòu)成、多樣化的景觀鑲嵌以及獨(dú)特的小氣候環(huán)境,具有一定特殊性。對城市山地公園的景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì),不僅要結(jié)合其自身的特殊性,還要建立起符合民眾或游客視覺美感體驗(yàn)的評價(jià)模型,調(diào)和生態(tài)保護(hù)與資源利用的有效平衡。本文針對城市山地公園景觀組成的特殊性,在傳統(tǒng)景觀視覺評價(jià)方法(景觀視覺敏感度評價(jià)、景觀美景度評價(jià))的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒景觀生態(tài)學(xué)相關(guān)理論,提出了基于景觀生態(tài)意義上的視覺評價(jià),即視覺生態(tài)評價(jià),利用景觀格局指數(shù)中的邊緣對比指數(shù)作為視覺生態(tài)評價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù),并根據(jù)這三種評價(jià)體系確定了城市山地公園景觀視覺的綜合評價(jià)方法,建立評價(jià)框架。利用AHP層次分析法、SBE美景度評價(jià)法、GIS地理信息系統(tǒng)評價(jià)法各自的評價(jià)優(yōu)勢,確立相關(guān)評價(jià)指標(biāo)權(quán)重,分別從人的主觀層面、景觀生態(tài)層面、景觀自身層面三方面用數(shù)據(jù)量化的方式進(jìn)行權(quán)重疊加分析,綜合構(gòu)建城市山地公園景觀視覺的評價(jià)框架。評價(jià)框架中包含景觀美景度評價(jià)、景觀視覺敏感度評價(jià)和視覺生態(tài)評價(jià),其評價(jià)結(jié)果可用于指導(dǎo)此類城市山地公園景觀的保護(hù)與開發(fā),可為設(shè)計(jì)師、決策管理者在規(guī)劃管理過程中提供參考依據(jù);因此探討基于GIS與景觀生態(tài)的城市山地公園景觀視覺評價(jià)量化具有理論和實(shí)踐意義。依據(jù)景觀視覺綜合評價(jià)體系得分結(jié)果將公園內(nèi)27個(gè)景點(diǎn)劃分為四個(gè)等級,繪制等級分布圖,通過對公園景點(diǎn)所分布的等級區(qū)域,對公園景觀視覺保護(hù)與發(fā)展提供建議:①對于高視覺生態(tài)區(qū)域,即該類景觀在美學(xué)評價(jià)、地學(xué)評價(jià)、生態(tài)評價(jià)三個(gè)層面都具有較高得分,需要以對此類景觀的保護(hù)為優(yōu)先原則,對該類景觀資源的再利用開發(fā),需要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格考證和審批,保證城市山地公園的特色景觀的良性循環(huán)發(fā)展和區(qū)域的生態(tài)穩(wěn)定性;②對中視覺生態(tài)區(qū)域內(nèi)景觀資源結(jié)構(gòu)參照評價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行針對性調(diào)整優(yōu)化,避免不合理開發(fā)利用,確保管理者、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)者對公園景觀未來發(fā)展的合理判斷及決策;③對一般低視覺生態(tài)區(qū)域內(nèi)景觀組成結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化提升,轉(zhuǎn)換視角進(jìn)行景觀的規(guī)劃開發(fā),例如某一景觀的地學(xué)評價(jià)屬性偏低,那么應(yīng)從其它層面進(jìn)行景觀元素結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,避免公園建設(shè)中不必要的資源浪費(fèi),確保建設(shè)的合理性;④對于公園內(nèi)未開發(fā)區(qū)域提供指導(dǎo)參考依據(jù)。例如:游步道路線或者人工景觀節(jié)點(diǎn)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)時(shí),對位于高視覺生態(tài)區(qū)域內(nèi)的景觀道路避免大規(guī)模開發(fā),應(yīng)遵循因地制宜原則,建設(shè)符合環(huán)境的自然生態(tài)步道,對減少人工景觀成分的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置,確保區(qū)域內(nèi)原有自然景觀元素構(gòu)成的穩(wěn)定性,合理融入人工景觀元素。
[Abstract]:The urban mountain park is different from the city park in general sense and the forest park. It has both the original vegetation type and the artificial public space construction, has certain particularity, compared with the artificial intervention strong city park, The urban mountain park has some special features, such as semi-natural spatial distribution, stable community composition, diversified landscape mosaic and unique microclimate environment. It is necessary not only to combine its own particularity, but also to establish an evaluation model that accords with the visual aesthetic experience of the people or tourists, and to reconcile the effective balance between ecological protection and resource utilization. This paper aims at the particularity of the landscape composition of the urban mountain park. Based on the traditional methods of landscape visual evaluation (visual sensitivity evaluation, landscape beauty evaluation), and referring to the theory of landscape ecology, this paper puts forward the visual evaluation based on the sense of landscape ecology, that is, visual ecological evaluation. The edge contrast index of landscape pattern index is used as the standard basis of visual ecological evaluation, and according to these three evaluation systems, the comprehensive evaluation method of urban mountain park landscape vision is determined. The evaluation framework was established. The beauty degree evaluation method of AHP was used to evaluate the advantages of GIS evaluation method, and the weight of relevant evaluation indexes was established, respectively, from the subjective level of human beings and the landscape ecological level. In the three aspects of landscape itself, the weight superposition analysis is carried out in the way of data quantification, and the evaluation frame of landscape vision of urban mountain park is constructed synthetically. The evaluation frame includes the evaluation of landscape beauty degree. The evaluation results of landscape visual sensitivity and visual ecology can be used to guide the protection and development of this kind of urban mountain park landscape and provide reference for designers and decision makers in the process of planning and management. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to discuss the quantification of landscape vision evaluation of urban mountain park based on GIS and landscape ecology. According to the score of comprehensive evaluation system of landscape vision, 27 scenic spots in the park are divided into four grades, and the distribution map of grade is drawn. Through the distribution of the grade area of the park scenic spot, to provide the suggestion to the park landscape visual protection and the development, to the high vision ecological area, namely this kind of landscape has the higher score in the esthetics appraisal, the geoscience appraisal, the ecology appraisal three levels. It is necessary to give priority to the protection of this kind of landscape, to reuse and develop this kind of landscape resources, and to carry out strict textual research and examination and approval. To ensure the benign cycle development of the characteristic landscape of the urban mountain park and the ecological stability of the region to adjust and optimize the structure of the landscape resources in the middle vision ecological region according to the evaluation results, to avoid the unreasonable development and utilization, and to ensure the manager, The reasonable judgment and decision of the future development of the park landscape by the designers and the optimization and promotion of the landscape composition structure in the general low vision ecological region, the landscape planning and development from the perspective of change, for example, the geoscience evaluation attribute of a certain landscape is on the low side. Then we should adjust the structure of landscape elements from other aspects to avoid unnecessary waste of resources in park construction. To ensure the reasonableness of the construction. 4 to provide the guidance reference for the undeveloped areas in the park. For example, when planning and constructing the walkway routes or artificial landscape nodes, avoid large-scale development of the landscape roads located in the high vision ecological areas. It is necessary to follow the principle of adapting to local conditions, to build natural ecological trails in accordance with the environment, to set up nodes to reduce the composition of artificial landscape, to ensure the stability of the original elements of natural landscape in the region, and to integrate the elements of artificial landscape into the elements of artificial landscape reasonably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU986.5

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