本文關(guān)鍵詞： 裝載機(jī) 動(dòng)臂 銷軸傳感器 當(dāng)量外載荷 疲勞試驗(yàn)　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度的放緩,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的減少,裝載機(jī)的需求增長(zhǎng)速度也出現(xiàn)了下滑,裝載機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的關(guān)注點(diǎn)從過去的產(chǎn)銷量轉(zhuǎn)變到質(zhì)量上來,以提升自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。從使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看,國內(nèi)裝載機(jī)存在的主要問題是可靠性不高。工作裝置作為裝載機(jī)的核心組成部分之一,在長(zhǎng)期隨機(jī)工作載荷作用下,容易發(fā)生疲勞破壞,而其中又以動(dòng)臂的斷裂最常見,嚴(yán)重影響整機(jī)的性能和使用壽命。因此,研究一種裝載機(jī)動(dòng)臂載荷譜的測(cè)試方法,并利用測(cè)得的載荷譜對(duì)動(dòng)臂進(jìn)行臺(tái)架疲勞試驗(yàn)是很有必要的。本文以ZL90裝載機(jī)為對(duì)象,主要研究了裝載機(jī)動(dòng)臂載荷譜的測(cè)試方法和當(dāng)量外載荷的計(jì)算方法兩個(gè)方面。動(dòng)臂載荷譜測(cè)試方面:提出了測(cè)試動(dòng)臂載荷譜的兩種方法——銷軸傳感器法和動(dòng)臂貼片法。在銷軸傳感器法中,對(duì)裝載機(jī)鏟斗進(jìn)行了受力分析,詳細(xì)論述了銷軸傳感器、連桿傳感器和側(cè)向力傳感器的工作原理,設(shè)計(jì)方法,自行設(shè)計(jì)了銷軸傳感器標(biāo)定工裝和標(biāo)定方法,對(duì)鏟斗有關(guān)部位進(jìn)行了技術(shù)改造,并對(duì)改造后的鏟斗進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核。在動(dòng)臂貼片法中,闡述了該方法的測(cè)量原理,設(shè)計(jì)制作了動(dòng)臂驗(yàn)證模型進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)其可行性,最后制定了動(dòng)臂裝機(jī)標(biāo)定方案。當(dāng)量外載荷的計(jì)算方面:根據(jù)裝載機(jī)工作裝置各部件的參數(shù),利用幾何法求取各鉸點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)。以傳感器測(cè)得的力為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算動(dòng)臂各鉸點(diǎn)在大地坐標(biāo)系下的受力,并將其轉(zhuǎn)換到動(dòng)臂坐標(biāo)系中。在動(dòng)臂坐標(biāo)系中,作出動(dòng)臂中性面彎矩時(shí)間歷程,求出動(dòng)臂的當(dāng)量彎矩圖;在工作裝置的鏟掘姿態(tài)下,根據(jù)動(dòng)臂的當(dāng)量彎矩圖求取動(dòng)臂的當(dāng)量載荷,并反推得到疲勞試驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)施加于鏟斗的當(dāng)量外載荷,根據(jù)當(dāng)量外載荷設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)臂疲勞試驗(yàn)方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the slowdown of domestic economic development and the decrease in infrastructure construction, the demand for loaders has also declined. The focus of loader manufacturing enterprises has shifted from past production and sales to quality. In order to improve their own competitiveness, the main problem of domestic loaders is that the reliability is not high. As one of the core components of loaders, the working device is under the action of long-term random working load. Fatigue failure is easy to occur, and the fracture of the arm is the most common, which seriously affects the performance and service life of the whole machine. It is necessary to make use of the measured load spectrum to carry out the bench fatigue test of the arm. This paper takes the ZL90 loader as an object. This paper mainly studies the measuring method of load spectrum of loader arm and the calculation method of equivalent external load. In the aspect of measuring load spectrum of moving arm, two methods of measuring load spectrum of moving arm, pin shaft sensor method and arm mount method, are put forward. Sheet method. In the pin shaft sensor method, The mechanical analysis of the loader bucket is carried out, the working principle and design method of pin shaft sensor, connecting rod sensor and lateral force sensor are discussed in detail, and the calibration tool and calibration method of pin shaft sensor are designed by ourselves. The relevant parts of the bucket were reformed, and the strength of the improved bucket was checked. The measuring principle of the method was expounded, and the verification model of the movable arm was designed and made to test the feasibility of the method. Finally, the calibration scheme of the moving arm loader is worked out. The calculation of the equivalent external load: according to the parameters of the components of the loader's working device, the coordinate of the hinge points is obtained by using the geometric method, and based on the force measured by the sensor, The force on each hinge point of the arm is calculated in geodetic coordinate system, and it is converted to the moving arm coordinate system. In the moving arm coordinate system, the time history of bending moment on neutral plane of the arm is made, and the equivalent moment diagram of the moving arm is obtained. According to the equivalent bending moment diagram of the arm, the equivalent load of the arm is calculated, and the equivalent external load which should be applied to the bucket during the fatigue test is deduced back, and the fatigue test scheme of the arm is designed according to the equivalent external load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH243

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