本文關(guān)鍵詞：大型正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置動(dòng)力學(xué)及能耗研究　出處：《太原科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī) 工作裝置 水平推壓 動(dòng)力學(xué) 能耗

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著不斷發(fā)展的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的需要,以及目前國(guó)家倡導(dǎo)的“一帶一路”沿線建設(shè),使得對(duì)液壓挖掘機(jī)的需求量越來(lái)越大,極大地刺激了我國(guó)液壓挖掘機(jī)生產(chǎn)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。但我國(guó)液壓挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展受到西方各國(guó)技術(shù)壁壘的限制,在技術(shù)水平、生產(chǎn)工藝、產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量、使用可靠性等方面還存在諸多問(wèn)題。尤其是我國(guó)的大型正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)雖然已取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,但若要與西方強(qiáng)國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng),還需要付出更加艱辛的努力。大型礦用正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的質(zhì)量一般都比較大,在動(dòng)臂下降過(guò)程中將會(huì)產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)大的慣性力,如果能在該過(guò)程中進(jìn)行能量回收的話,對(duì)挖掘機(jī)的節(jié)能將起到十分重要的作用。同時(shí),由于工作裝置質(zhì)量較大,水平推壓作業(yè)過(guò)程中鏟斗運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的不均勻變化和物料阻力的不確定性變化會(huì)對(duì)主機(jī)及液壓系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊振動(dòng),造成工作裝置的疲勞破壞。因此,對(duì)于大型正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)而言,有必要回收工作裝置下降過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的能量,以達(dá)到節(jié)能的目的;再者探究工作液壓缸的流量特性與鏟斗齒尖運(yùn)行速度的關(guān)系,力求降低因鏟斗運(yùn)行速度不均而對(duì)整機(jī)產(chǎn)生的沖擊振動(dòng),提高挖掘機(jī)的可靠性。本論文以某在動(dòng)臂與斗桿間加裝輔助液壓缸的大型正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置為研究對(duì)象,借助MATLAB平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)分析法對(duì)工作裝置進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)逆解計(jì)算,求出了水平推壓工況下鏟斗勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)各工作液壓缸的速度及流量特性,并以液壓缸的速度為控制信號(hào)在Adams軟件中對(duì)三維模型進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析,驗(yàn)證水平推壓效果;確定了水平推壓厚度及推壓阻力,在Adams中通過(guò)對(duì)鏟斗齒尖添加阻力進(jìn)行仿真,確定了工作液壓缸的受力及能耗,計(jì)算出了工作裝置下降過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的重力勢(shì)能以及負(fù)載所消耗的能量。結(jié)果顯示鏟斗齒尖的運(yùn)行速度較為平穩(wěn),可降低水平推壓工況下因鏟斗運(yùn)行速度不均而對(duì)工作裝置造成的振動(dòng)破壞;對(duì)比分析了工作液壓缸輸出的能量與負(fù)載力所消耗的能量之間的關(guān)系,該結(jié)果表明加裝輔助液壓缸后既回收利用了工作裝置的重力勢(shì)能,同時(shí)工作效率也比較理想。本研究結(jié)果可為大型正鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)勻速水平推壓及回收利用工作裝置重力勢(shì)能提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of the national economy and infrastructure construction needs, as well as the current national advocacy of "Belt and Road" along the construction, making the hydraulic excavator demand more and more. The development of hydraulic excavators in China has been greatly stimulated by the development of the manufacturing industry of hydraulic excavators. However, the development of hydraulic excavators in China is limited by the technical barriers in western countries, in terms of technical level, production technology, product output and quality. There are still many problems in using reliability, especially the large hydraulic excavators in our country have made great progress, but they want to compete for the market with the western countries. The quality of the working device of the large mine forward shovel hydraulic excavator is generally relatively large, which will produce a considerable inertia force in the process of moving arm descent. If the energy recovery can be carried out in this process, it will play a very important role in the energy saving of excavator. The uneven change of bucket motion speed and the uncertainty change of material resistance during horizontal pushing and pressing operation will produce larger shock vibration to the main engine and hydraulic system, and cause fatigue damage of the working device. For the large hydraulic excavator, it is necessary to recover the energy generated in the process of working device descent, in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Furthermore, the relationship between the flow characteristics of the working hydraulic cylinder and the running speed of the bucket tooth tip is explored, in order to reduce the impact vibration caused by the uneven running speed of the bucket. To improve the reliability of the excavator. This paper takes the working device of a large forward shovel hydraulic excavator with auxiliary hydraulic cylinder between the arm and the bucket rod as the research object. The inverse kinematics analysis method of MATLAB planar linkage mechanism is used to calculate the kinematics inverse solution of the working device, and the velocity and flow characteristics of each working hydraulic cylinder under the condition of horizontal pushing and pressing are obtained. Taking the speed of hydraulic cylinder as the control signal, the kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of the 3D model is carried out in Adams software to verify the horizontal push effect. The horizontal pressure thickness and push pressure resistance are determined. The force and energy consumption of the working hydraulic cylinder are determined by the simulation of adding resistance to the bucket tooth tip in Adams. The potential energy of gravity and the energy consumed by the load are calculated. The results show that the speed of the tip of the bucket tooth is relatively stable. It can reduce the vibration damage caused by the uneven running speed of the bucket under the horizontal pushing and pressing condition. The relationship between the output energy of the working cylinder and the energy consumed by the load force is compared and analyzed. The results show that the gravity potential energy of the working device is recovered after the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is installed. At the same time, the working efficiency is also ideal. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the realization of uniform horizontal push pressure and recovery of gravity potential energy of large forward shovel hydraulic excavators.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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