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  本文關鍵詞：穩(wěn)定滲流作用下邊坡滲出層的水力梯度研究　出處：《江西理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 原地浸礦 滲出層 水力梯度 柱浸試驗 砂槽模型

【摘要】：在礦山原地浸礦或其他巖土體滲流中,水力梯度在距出滲口較近的區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)非線性變化的邊界效應,把這個區(qū)域定義為滲出層。滲流破壞首先開始于滲出層,滲出層是巖土體滲流的門戶,滲流控制措施的最終目的是保證滲出層不遭受滲流破壞,滲出層的水力梯度變化規(guī)律既是滲流計算的關鍵問題,也是牽引式滑坡的重要影響因素。但是,現(xiàn)如今在邊坡穩(wěn)定性的研究中關于滲出層這一部分不多,對巖土體滲流破壞發(fā)生的區(qū)域、類型和演變過程也缺少相應的理論,導致相關設計規(guī)范如離子型稀土礦原地浸礦中缺乏明確的規(guī)定,僅靠經(jīng)驗開挖導流孔或巷道等進行母液的回收,直接影響了礦山的開采效率與安全運行。鑒于此,本文將系統(tǒng)地探討離子型稀土礦滲出層的水力梯度變化規(guī)律以及滲透破壞特性,主要研究內容和結論包括:(1)查找閱讀關于原地浸礦的開采技術、滲流規(guī)律、滲流破壞模式及機理、邊坡穩(wěn)定性研究內容、邊坡防治相關專著論文及科學技術文獻,并進行歸納和總結。(2)通過室內橫向柱浸滲流試驗,研究平均水力梯度與滲出層厚度的關系。試驗結果表明,入滲端與出滲端均存在水頭損失的邊界效應,入滲水頭越大邊界效應越明顯,且出滲一側的邊界效應更加明顯,在試樣后半部分隨著離出滲端的距離越近水力梯度越大且呈非線性變化。土柱的入滲水頭越大即平均水力梯度越大,土柱的滲出層厚度越大;土樣的孔隙比越小,滲出層的厚度也越大。滲出層內同一個過水斷面處豎直方向的流速越來越大,且離出滲端越近,流速差越大。土樣的平均水力梯度能反映起始水力梯度,而起始水力梯度對滲出層平均水力梯度的影響很小,所以在滲出層內流速與水力梯度滿足線性關系。(3)以室內浸礦柱滲流試驗和理論分析為基礎,開展離子型稀土礦的室內砂槽模型滲流試驗,觀察測壓管,得到其滲流規(guī)律,探討坡角、上游水位等因素對邊坡滲流規(guī)律的影響。試驗結果表明,隨著入滲水頭的增高,試樣的滲出層厚度增大。在入滲水頭高度從70cm到90cm下,當坡角為45°時,滲出層厚度從93cm增長到153cm;當坡角為60°時,滲出層厚度從130cm增長到175cm。坡角越大,滲出層的厚度越大。滲出層內不同水平位置的水力梯度不同,在同一過水斷面處隨著水平位置的升高水力梯度減小。從入滲端至出滲端處滲透流速越來越大,滲出層內存在同一個過水斷面處豎直方向的流速分量越來越大的現(xiàn)象,且離出滲端越近,豎直方向的流速差越大。非滲出層的滲流為達西流,而滲出層的滲流為非達西流。
[Abstract]:In situ leaching mining or other rock mass seepage, boundary effect of regional hydraulic gradient in the distance closer to the seepage of non-linear change, the region is defined as leakage layer. The seepage failure begins from seeping layer, seepage of rock and soil layer is from portal, ultimate goal is to ensure that the seepage control measures from the superficial layer of seepage computation of hydraulic gradient variation of seepage is exudation layer, is also an important factor of retrogressive landslide. However, nowadays in the research of slope stability on the superficial layer of this part is not much, the rock mass seepage failure area, types and evolution also the lack of corresponding theory, leading to relevant design specifications such as in situ ion type rare earth ore leaching in the lack of clear rules, relying on the experience of the excavation of diversion hole or recovery roadway of liquor, has a direct impact on mine The efficiency and safety of mining operation of the mountain. In view of this, this paper will systematically explore the variation of hydraulic gradient ion type rare earth ore layer and exudation of seepage characteristics, the main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) find reading about in situ leaching mining technology, the rule of seepage and seepage failure mode and mechanism, research content of slope the stability of slope prevention related monograph and literature of science and technology, sum up and summarize. (2) through the indoor seepage test of horizontal column leaching, study on the relationship between the average hydraulic gradient and the exudation of layer thickness. The test results show that infiltration and infiltration end boundary effects are end head loss, the more infiltration head boundary effect is more obvious, and the effect of seepage on one side of the boundary is more obvious in the second half with out of sample permeability end close hydraulic gradient bigger and a nonlinear change. Soil column infiltration head the greater The average hydraulic gradient is bigger, the thickness of the layer of soil column exudation; soil void ratio, exudation layer thickness is greater. Exudation layer with the cross section at a vertical velocity increasing, and from the end of infiltration closer, the greater the difference of average velocity. Hydraulic ladder soil can reflect the degree of initial hydraulic gradient, but has little influence on the initial hydraulic gradient exudation layer average hydraulic gradient, so the exudation layer velocity satisfies the linear relationship with the hydraulic gradient. (3) to the indoor seepage test and leaching pillar theory, sand tank model to carry out ion seepage test rare earth mine, observe the piezometric tube, the seepage of slope angle and the effect of upstream water level and other factors on the slope seepage law. The experimental results show that with the increase of infiltration head, the thickness of specimen increases. In the superficial layer of infiltration head height from 70cm to 90cm, when the slope angle 45 degrees, exudation layer thickness increases from 93cm to 153cm; when the slope angle is 60 degrees, exudation layer thickness increases from 130cm to 175cm. the greater slope angle, exudation layer thickness is greater. Hydraulic gradient in different horizontal positions within the superficial layer of different, in the same cross section along with high hydraulic lift the horizontal position of the gradient decreases. From the end to the infiltration leakage end of seepage velocity increasing, superficial layer of memory in the same cross section at the vertical velocity component is more and more big phenomenon, and from the end of infiltration closer, the vertical velocity difference is large. The seepage nonexudative layer for Darcy flow, seepage and exudation layer for non Darcy flow.

【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU43

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