揚(yáng)州地區(qū)屠宰
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-20 16:38
【摘要】：沙門(mén)菌是重要的人獸共患病原菌,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物都造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。蛋類(lèi)、禽肉和豬肉一直被認(rèn)為是引起沙門(mén)菌病的三大來(lái)源。而隨著蛋雞中沙門(mén)菌防控項(xiàng)目的大規(guī)模開(kāi)展,蛋類(lèi)和禽肉中沙門(mén)菌的分離率均得到了顯著的降低。因此,豬肉及豬肉制品中沙門(mén)菌的防控已成為當(dāng)今發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家關(guān)注的一大重點(diǎn),而作為豬肉生產(chǎn)鏈中兩個(gè)最重要的環(huán)節(jié),屠宰場(chǎng)的屠宰流程和農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉零售點(diǎn)的衛(wèi)生狀況對(duì)于豬肉中沙門(mén)菌的防控有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。本研究旨在了解揚(yáng)州市屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉以及人群中沙門(mén)菌的分布狀況、血清型特點(diǎn)以及耐藥情況,并利用MLST、PFGE、CRISPR等分子亞分型方法對(duì)它們進(jìn)行基因分型研究,以期探明屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉以及人來(lái)源沙門(mén)菌之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系并找出潛在的沙門(mén)菌傳播途徑,從而為食源性沙門(mén)菌的防控提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。一、揚(yáng)州地區(qū)屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)以及人源沙門(mén)菌分離株的分離鑒定及藥物敏感性分析2013年10月至2014年12月,從揚(yáng)州市某屠宰場(chǎng)及其下游農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)采集環(huán)境樣品和屠宰豬樣品392份、豬肉樣品178份,分別分離出沙門(mén)菌275株和130株,分離率為70.2%(275/392)和73.0%(130/178)。從揚(yáng)州市和泰州市疾病預(yù)防與控制中心收集人源沙門(mén)菌49株。三種來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌共計(jì)454株。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析顯示,屠宰場(chǎng)5次采樣沙門(mén)菌分離率之間并無(wú)顯著性差異(P0.05),且沙門(mén)菌的分離情況受季節(jié)因素影響不大。血清型鑒定結(jié)果顯示,屠宰場(chǎng)和農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)樣品中的最優(yōu)勢(shì)血清型均為德?tīng)柋吧抽T(mén)菌,而在人源沙門(mén)菌中,德?tīng)柋吧抽T(mén)菌位居第二,其他血清型如鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌、鴨沙門(mén)菌、倫敦沙門(mén)菌在三種來(lái)源中也較為常見(jiàn)。對(duì)454株三種來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌進(jìn)行16種抗生素的藥敏實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果顯示屠宰場(chǎng)來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌對(duì)四環(huán)素耐藥率最高,為30.9%;而農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌對(duì)萘啶酸表現(xiàn)出最高的耐藥性,達(dá)到了33.1%；人源沙門(mén)菌對(duì)氨芐西林抗性最大,為55.1%。同時(shí),在p-內(nèi)酰胺類(lèi)抗生素中,三種來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌對(duì)青霉素類(lèi)的耐藥性顯著高于頭孢菌素類(lèi)(P0.05)；而在喹諾酮類(lèi)抗生素中,對(duì)萘啶酸的耐藥性也顯著高于恩諾沙星、氧氟沙星等其他類(lèi)抗生素(P0.05)。此外,三種來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌對(duì)鏈霉素、復(fù)方新諾明等也表現(xiàn)出較高的耐藥率。鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌、倫敦沙門(mén)菌和德?tīng)柋吧抽T(mén)菌均表現(xiàn)出較高的耐藥性,其中鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌多重耐藥最為突出。值得注意的是,1株人源印第安納沙門(mén)菌對(duì)本研究所用的16種抗生素均呈現(xiàn)耐藥。三種來(lái)源沙門(mén)菌最常見(jiàn)的耐藥型均為NAL,一定程度上說(shuō)明了耐藥沙門(mén)菌在屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉以及人三者之間的傳播。二、揚(yáng)州地區(qū)屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)以及人源沙門(mén)菌分離株的分子分型及相關(guān)性分析利用多位點(diǎn)序列分型方法(MLST)將屠宰場(chǎng)(275株)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)(130株)以及人群(49株)來(lái)源的沙門(mén)菌分離株分成了17、13和12種ST型,其中ST40均為主要ST型。屠宰場(chǎng)不同環(huán)節(jié)大量相同ST型的重復(fù)出現(xiàn),說(shuō)明了屠宰場(chǎng)中沙門(mén)菌沿屠宰線的傳播。脈沖場(chǎng)凝膠電泳(PFGE)將50株德?tīng)柋吧抽T(mén)菌和27株鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌分成了46和17種PFGE型。屠宰場(chǎng)第一次采樣過(guò)程中,胴體修飾環(huán)節(jié)、開(kāi)膛環(huán)節(jié)以及保定環(huán)節(jié)分離的鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌P2-D13、P2-E13和P2-S1,它們之間的相似性均為100%,說(shuō)明這3株沙門(mén)菌可能為同一個(gè)克隆,顯示沙門(mén)菌能夠在屠宰場(chǎng)中沿屠宰線發(fā)生水平傳播。分別來(lái)自于屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)以及人的鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌P4-L1、N2-J3和YZJK2-17 , PFGE相似性超過(guò)90%,說(shuō)明沙門(mén)菌可能通過(guò)豬肉這一媒介完成了在豬肉生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)鏈中的傳播。利用規(guī)律成簇間隔的短回文重復(fù)序列(CRIS(?) (?)R)分型方法可將27株來(lái)自屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)以及人的鼠傷寒沙門(mén)菌分成了7個(gè)CRISPR型。來(lái)自于屠宰場(chǎng)不同環(huán)節(jié)的沙門(mén)菌P2-D13、P2-E13和P2-S1的CRISPR間隔序列和數(shù)量完全一致,而來(lái)自于屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)豬肉以及人源的沙門(mén)菌P4-L1、N2-J3和YZJK2-17的間隔序列和數(shù)量也完全一致,證實(shí)了沙門(mén)菌不僅沿屠宰線發(fā)生了水平傳播,同時(shí)也可能在整個(gè)豬肉生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)鏈中傳播。
[Abstract]:Salmonella is an important human animal and has a long history of serious harm to both humans and animals. Egg, poultry and pork have been considered to be the three major sources of Salmonella. And the separation rate of the salmonella in the egg and the poultry is obviously reduced with the large-scale development of the salmonella prevention and control project in the laying hen. Therefore, the prevention and control of Salmonella in pork and pork products has become a major focus of the attention of the developed countries, and as two of the most important links in the pork production chain, The slaughter process of the slaughterhouse and the health status of the retail outlets of the pork market pork have a far-reaching influence on the prevention and control of Salmonella in the pork. The purpose of this study was to understand the distribution status, serotype characteristics and drug resistance of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse, agricultural and trade market of Yangzhou, and the subtyping methods such as MLST, PFGE and CRISPR, in order to find out the slaughterhouse. The internal relation between the pork and the human source Salmonella in the market and the potential Salmonella transmission route are found, which can provide data support for the prevention and control of the food-borne Salmonella. 1. The isolation and identification of the slaughterhouse, the agricultural trade market and the human Salmonella isolates in Yangzhou area, and the drug sensitivity analysis from October 2013 to December 2014. The environmental samples and the slaughter pig samples are collected and the pork samples are 178 parts from a certain slaughterhouse in Yangzhou and its downstream agricultural trade market. The isolation rate was 70.2% (275/392) and 73.0% (130/178) respectively. 49 strains of human Salmonella were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Control in Yangzhou and Taizhou. The total number of Salmonella in three sources was 454. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the five samples of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse (P0.05), and the isolation of Salmonella was not affected by the seasonal factors. Serotype identification results showed that most of the most dominant serotypes in the slaughterhouse and the market for agricultural trade were the Salmonella, and that in the human Salmonella, the Salmonella, the second, and the other serotypes, such as Salmonella typhimurium, and the duck Salmonella, Salmonella in London are also common in three sources. The drug-sensitive experiments of 16 antibiotics from 454 strains of Salmonella were carried out. The results showed that the drug-resistant rate of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse was the highest, which was 30.9%. The maximum resistance of human Salmonella to methicillin was 55.1%. In the same time, the resistance of the three sources of Salmonella to Penicillin was significantly higher than that of the cephalosporin (P 0.05), and the drug resistance of the three kinds of antibiotics was higher than that of the other antibiotics (P0.05). In addition, the three sources of Salmonella showed high resistance to streptomycin and compound neomycin and the like. Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella, and S. del are resistant to high resistance, and the multiple drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium is the most prominent. It is worth noting that 1 human-derived Salmonella indiana is resistant to the 16 antibiotics used in the study. The most common drug-resistant type of the three sources of Salmonella is NAL, and the spread of the drug-resistant Salmonella among the slaughterhouse, the pork and the market pork and the human is explained to some extent. 2. The molecular typing and correlation analysis of the slaughterhouse, farm and trade market and human Salmonella isolates in Yangzhou area, using the multi-site sequence typing method (MLST), will be used to classify the slaughterhouse (275 strains). There were 17,13 and 12 ST-types of Salmonella isolates from the farmers' market (130 strains) and the population (49), of which ST40 was the main ST-type. The repeated appearance of the same ST-type in different parts of the slaughterhouse shows the spread of the Salmonella in the slaughter line along the slaughter line. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium were divided into 46 and 17 PFGE types by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In the first sampling of the slaughterhouse, Salmonella typhimurium P2-D13, P2-E13 and P2-S1 isolated from the stage of the carcass modification, the opening of the carcass and the fixed link, the similarity between them was 100%, indicating that the three Salmonella strains could be the same clone, It is shown that Salmonella can be spread horizontally along the slaughter line in the slaughterhouse. The similarity of PFGE of Salmonella typhimurium P4-L1, N2-J3 and YZJK2-17 from the slaughterhouse, farm and trade market and human is more than 90%, which indicates that the transmission of Salmonella in the pork production consumption chain can be completed by the medium of pork. Short message repeat sequences (CRIS (?) using regular cluster intervals? ) (? ) R) The method can divide 27 strains of Salmonella typhimurium into 7 CRISPR patterns from the slaughterhouse, the agricultural market and the human. the sequence and the number of the CRISPR intervals of the Salmonella P2-D13, P2-E13 and P2-S1 from different parts of the slaughterhouse are identical, and the interval sequences and the number of the salmonella P4-L1, N2-J3 and YZJK2-17 from the slaughterhouse, the agricultural and trade market pork and the human are also identical, It is confirmed that the Salmonella not only has a horizontal spread along the slaughter line, but also can be spread throughout the pork production consumption chain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R446.5
本文編號(hào)：2444402
[Abstract]:Salmonella is an important human animal and has a long history of serious harm to both humans and animals. Egg, poultry and pork have been considered to be the three major sources of Salmonella. And the separation rate of the salmonella in the egg and the poultry is obviously reduced with the large-scale development of the salmonella prevention and control project in the laying hen. Therefore, the prevention and control of Salmonella in pork and pork products has become a major focus of the attention of the developed countries, and as two of the most important links in the pork production chain, The slaughter process of the slaughterhouse and the health status of the retail outlets of the pork market pork have a far-reaching influence on the prevention and control of Salmonella in the pork. The purpose of this study was to understand the distribution status, serotype characteristics and drug resistance of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse, agricultural and trade market of Yangzhou, and the subtyping methods such as MLST, PFGE and CRISPR, in order to find out the slaughterhouse. The internal relation between the pork and the human source Salmonella in the market and the potential Salmonella transmission route are found, which can provide data support for the prevention and control of the food-borne Salmonella. 1. The isolation and identification of the slaughterhouse, the agricultural trade market and the human Salmonella isolates in Yangzhou area, and the drug sensitivity analysis from October 2013 to December 2014. The environmental samples and the slaughter pig samples are collected and the pork samples are 178 parts from a certain slaughterhouse in Yangzhou and its downstream agricultural trade market. The isolation rate was 70.2% (275/392) and 73.0% (130/178) respectively. 49 strains of human Salmonella were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Control in Yangzhou and Taizhou. The total number of Salmonella in three sources was 454. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the five samples of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse (P0.05), and the isolation of Salmonella was not affected by the seasonal factors. Serotype identification results showed that most of the most dominant serotypes in the slaughterhouse and the market for agricultural trade were the Salmonella, and that in the human Salmonella, the Salmonella, the second, and the other serotypes, such as Salmonella typhimurium, and the duck Salmonella, Salmonella in London are also common in three sources. The drug-sensitive experiments of 16 antibiotics from 454 strains of Salmonella were carried out. The results showed that the drug-resistant rate of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse was the highest, which was 30.9%. The maximum resistance of human Salmonella to methicillin was 55.1%. In the same time, the resistance of the three sources of Salmonella to Penicillin was significantly higher than that of the cephalosporin (P 0.05), and the drug resistance of the three kinds of antibiotics was higher than that of the other antibiotics (P0.05). In addition, the three sources of Salmonella showed high resistance to streptomycin and compound neomycin and the like. Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella, and S. del are resistant to high resistance, and the multiple drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium is the most prominent. It is worth noting that 1 human-derived Salmonella indiana is resistant to the 16 antibiotics used in the study. The most common drug-resistant type of the three sources of Salmonella is NAL, and the spread of the drug-resistant Salmonella among the slaughterhouse, the pork and the market pork and the human is explained to some extent. 2. The molecular typing and correlation analysis of the slaughterhouse, farm and trade market and human Salmonella isolates in Yangzhou area, using the multi-site sequence typing method (MLST), will be used to classify the slaughterhouse (275 strains). There were 17,13 and 12 ST-types of Salmonella isolates from the farmers' market (130 strains) and the population (49), of which ST40 was the main ST-type. The repeated appearance of the same ST-type in different parts of the slaughterhouse shows the spread of the Salmonella in the slaughter line along the slaughter line. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium were divided into 46 and 17 PFGE types by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In the first sampling of the slaughterhouse, Salmonella typhimurium P2-D13, P2-E13 and P2-S1 isolated from the stage of the carcass modification, the opening of the carcass and the fixed link, the similarity between them was 100%, indicating that the three Salmonella strains could be the same clone, It is shown that Salmonella can be spread horizontally along the slaughter line in the slaughterhouse. The similarity of PFGE of Salmonella typhimurium P4-L1, N2-J3 and YZJK2-17 from the slaughterhouse, farm and trade market and human is more than 90%, which indicates that the transmission of Salmonella in the pork production consumption chain can be completed by the medium of pork. Short message repeat sequences (CRIS (?) using regular cluster intervals? ) (? ) R) The method can divide 27 strains of Salmonella typhimurium into 7 CRISPR patterns from the slaughterhouse, the agricultural market and the human. the sequence and the number of the CRISPR intervals of the Salmonella P2-D13, P2-E13 and P2-S1 from different parts of the slaughterhouse are identical, and the interval sequences and the number of the salmonella P4-L1, N2-J3 and YZJK2-17 from the slaughterhouse, the agricultural and trade market pork and the human are also identical, It is confirmed that the Salmonella not only has a horizontal spread along the slaughter line, but also can be spread throughout the pork production consumption chain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R446.5
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前2條
1 李芳,于香安,周素琴,王法琴,朱永紅;反相高效液相色譜法測(cè)定口菌滅漱口液中阿昔洛韋、替硝唑、環(huán)丙沙星的含量[J];蘭州醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2002年02期
2 ;[J];;年期
中國(guó)碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前1條
1 蔡銀強(qiáng);揚(yáng)州地區(qū)屠宰場(chǎng)、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)以及人源沙門(mén)菌分離株表型和基因型相關(guān)性研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2015年
，本文編號(hào)：2444402
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/huliyixuelunwen/2444402.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
