重慶地區(qū)307例VAP病原菌構成及預后分析
發(fā)布時間:2018-08-24 19:17
【摘要】:目的:探討重慶地區(qū)重癥監(jiān)護病房(Intensive Care Unit, ICU)呼吸機相關性肺炎(Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP)病原菌構成及預后相關因素分析,為臨床預防和診治提供參考。方法:對重慶市三家醫(yī)院2011年1月-2014年10月重癥監(jiān)護病房962例機械通氣患者,回顧性分析307例VAP患者的病原菌分布特點,并收集其年齡、性別、吸煙史、VAP發(fā)生時間、侵襲性操作次數(shù)、插管次數(shù)、氣管切開、APACHE Ⅱ評分、CPIS評分、CHALSON評分及預后等資料。對預后相關因素采用單因素分析,若P0.05,再采用多因素Logistic回歸分析。結果:962例機械通氣患者中確診為VAP 307例,其中,COPD 112例、顱腦疾患或術后102例、膿毒血癥或休克65例、心肺復蘇13例、重癥胰腺炎或消化道出血8例、重度哮喘7例。痰培養(yǎng)共分離出病原菌367株,其中G-菌78.26%、G+菌10.30%、真菌11.44%;G-菌為主要致病菌,前3位依次為鮑曼不動桿菌、銅綠假單孢菌、肺炎克雷伯,G+菌以金黃色葡萄球菌為主,真菌感染率呈逐年上升趨勢,以念珠菌為主,其次為曲霉菌。病原菌藥敏試驗結果顯示多重耐藥菌株(Multidrug resistant, MDR)為主,占78.5%,敏感菌株占18.28%,泛耐藥菌株3.22%。經(jīng)驗性抗生素治療72小時內緩解率為7.52%,其中首選氨基糖苷類、氟喹諾酮類、碳青霉烯類單獨或聯(lián)合使用80%以上。本組研究中VAP發(fā)生率為31.91%,死亡率為62.54%。VAP預后相關的因素有年齡、吸煙史、APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS、CHALSON及氣管切開等,其中APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS相關性最高,而性別、VAP發(fā)生時間、插管次數(shù)、侵襲性操作次數(shù)對預后無顯著意義。針對本組VAP死亡率較高,真菌感染增加的現(xiàn)象,主要考慮與患者的基礎疾病、免疫、營養(yǎng)及感染嚴重程度相關。因此,針對性使用敏感抗生素、增強免疫、加強營養(yǎng)等綜合治療,同時加強手衛(wèi)生及目標監(jiān)測,提早預防、早期診斷及合適治療,從而減少VAP發(fā)生、改善預后。結論:VAP發(fā)生率為31.91%,死亡率為62.54%。病原菌分布以G-菌為主,真菌感染呈逐年上升趨勢。病原菌藥敏試驗提示以MDR菌株為主,經(jīng)驗性抗生素治療緩解率較低,常需聯(lián)合用藥。VAP預后相關因素有年齡、吸煙史、APACHE Ⅱ、CPIS、CHALSON及氣管切開等,主要與患者基礎疾病、感染嚴重程度密切相關。采取綜合治療、監(jiān)測管理,同時加強預防、早期診斷及合適治療是臨床防治VAP的關鍵。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pathogenic bacteria composition and prognostic factors of (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) ventilator-associated pneumonia (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP) in Chongqing intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 962 patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit from January 2011 to October 2014 in three hospitals of Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in 307 patients with VAP was analyzed retrospectively, and their age, sex and smoking history were collected. Invasive operations, intubation times, Apache 鈪,
本文編號:2201777
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pathogenic bacteria composition and prognostic factors of (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) ventilator-associated pneumonia (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP) in Chongqing intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 962 patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit from January 2011 to October 2014 in three hospitals of Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in 307 patients with VAP was analyzed retrospectively, and their age, sex and smoking history were collected. Invasive operations, intubation times, Apache 鈪,
本文編號:2201777
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