本文選題：康復(fù)工程 + 上肢　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：痙攣是一種因腦損傷引起的后遺癥,其產(chǎn)生原因是腦部神經(jīng)及下部反射回路的損傷,引起大腦對肌肉控制的異常,在臨床上的表現(xiàn)為肌張力的升高以及突然的反射。目前,每年因腦卒中問題而致死的人數(shù)眾多,即使病人被搶救回來,也會因后遺癥—痙攣,導(dǎo)致殘疾,這不僅給患者帶來了痛苦,也給患者家庭和社會帶來了沉重的負擔(dān)。隨著生活水平的提高,人們對生活質(zhì)量有更高的要求,也迫使研究人員針對痙攣問題研究出各種解決辦法。本文以痙攣的定量評定為目標(biāo),在對現(xiàn)有的評定方法做了充分研究之后,設(shè)計了一款用于上肢痙攣定量評定的設(shè)備,本研究的主要內(nèi)容涉及到：1.研究了痙攣的形成原因和臨床表現(xiàn),闡述了現(xiàn)有康復(fù)技術(shù)在痙攣康復(fù)治療和痙攣評估中使用的現(xiàn)狀。2.分析、評估了現(xiàn)有評定方法的優(yōu)缺點,依照痙攣的臨床表現(xiàn)特征制定一種痙攣的定量評估方案。3.以人機工程為基礎(chǔ),對所制定的定量評估方案配套使用的評估裝置做了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中,確定了采用編碼器和扭矩傳感器作為病人病態(tài)特征的感應(yīng)部件；同時采用步進電機和電動推桿作為調(diào)節(jié)裝置,以適應(yīng)不同病人體態(tài)、身高的需求；為保證測量的準(zhǔn)確性和裝置運行的穩(wěn)定,對關(guān)鍵部件和結(jié)構(gòu)做了平衡仿真和變形分析;同時為保證裝置運轉(zhuǎn)的安全性,在結(jié)構(gòu)中設(shè)置了多級保護裝置,保護病人的安全。4.設(shè)計了一套上、下位機控制系統(tǒng)。通過在控制端輸入速度、力、角度等值,可以控制設(shè)備運行過程中的各項參數(shù);在設(shè)備運行過程中,控制器收集到的扭矩、角度等參數(shù)可以實時傳遞至顯示器,方便檢測者隨時監(jiān)測檢測過程。目前還沒有一種應(yīng)用于臨床上的痙攣定量評估設(shè)備,所以本裝置具有很大的創(chuàng)新性。在痙攣的檢測評定方面,降低了醫(yī)療人員的工作強度,提高了檢測效率,同時由于定量評估可以參數(shù)化描述病人的痙攣程度,具有客觀性、通用性,這也提高了檢測的準(zhǔn)確程度。
[Abstract]:Spasticity is a kind of sequelae caused by brain injury, which is caused by the injury of the nerve and the lower reflex circuit of the brain and the abnormal control of the muscle. The clinical manifestation of spasm is the increase of muscle tension and the sudden reflex. At present, a large number of people die from stroke every year, even if the patient is rescued, but also because of sequelae-spasms, resulting in disability, which not only brought pain to patients, but also to the family and society of patients with a heavy burden. With the improvement of living standards, people have higher demands on quality of life, forcing researchers to develop solutions to spasms. In this paper, the quantitative evaluation of spasm is the target. After a full study of the existing evaluation methods, a new equipment for quantitative evaluation of upper limb spasm is designed. The main content of this study is about 1: 1. The causes and clinical manifestations of spasticity were studied, and the present situation of the use of rehabilitation techniques in the treatment and evaluation of spasm was described. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing evaluation methods were analyzed and evaluated. According to the clinical manifestations of spasm, a quantitative evaluation scheme of spasm was established. On the basis of ergonomics, the evaluation device used in the quantitative evaluation scheme is designed. In the structural design, the encoder and torque sensor are used as the inductive parts of the patient's pathological feature, and the stepper motor and the electric push rod are used as the adjusting device to meet the needs of different patients' posture and height. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement and the stability of the device, the balance simulation and deformation analysis of the key components and structures are made, and in order to ensure the safety of the device, a multistage protective device is set up in the structure to protect the safety of the patients. A set of upper and lower computer control system is designed. Through the input speed, force and angle equivalent at the control end, the parameters in the operation process of the equipment can be controlled, while the torque and angle collected by the controller can be transmitted to the display in real time. It is convenient for the tester to monitor the testing process at any time. At present, there is no clinical quantitative evaluation equipment for spasticity, so this device has great innovation. In the aspect of testing and evaluation of spasms, the working intensity of medical personnel is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved. At the same time, quantitative evaluation can parameterize the degree of spasticity of patients, so it is objective and universal. This also improves the accuracy of the detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R743.3;R496

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王東巖;李慶玲;杜志江;孫立寧;;外骨骼式上肢康復(fù)機器人及其控制方法研究[J];哈爾濱工程大學(xué)學(xué)報;2007年09期

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本文編號：2095170