本文選題：白細(xì)胞 + 自動(dòng)檢測(cè)　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：糞便是人類(lèi)的主要分泌物,正常的糞便中約3/4是水,剩下1/4為固體,而固體中成分主要為未消化的食物、消化道分泌物和有形成分、食物分解產(chǎn)物和細(xì)菌。健康的人糞便一般無(wú)白細(xì)胞或偶見(jiàn)白細(xì)胞,存在的白細(xì)胞為中性粒細(xì)胞,形態(tài)完整者與血液中的粒細(xì)胞無(wú)差別。若檢測(cè)到白細(xì)胞的數(shù)量、形態(tài)異常,則機(jī)體出現(xiàn)炎癥。糞便中的生物白細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和狀態(tài)可以作為判斷人機(jī)體是否存在疾病的先行判決條件,而且可以給醫(yī)師進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)提供方向和線索。醫(yī)學(xué)糞便檢測(cè)、尤其是白細(xì)胞對(duì)腸胃等疾病的早期診斷具有良好的效果�，F(xiàn)階段醫(yī)院糞便白細(xì)胞檢查均為人工顯微鏡識(shí)別,效率低、定性分析、主觀因素大,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致不能及時(shí)在中早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病。同時(shí),醫(yī)院糞便白細(xì)胞檢測(cè)量大、相關(guān)資源緊張,導(dǎo)致醫(yī)患關(guān)系緊張,帶來(lái)不利的社會(huì)效益。通過(guò)展開(kāi)糞便白細(xì)胞自動(dòng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究,可以解決目前醫(yī)患關(guān)系緊張、檢測(cè)精度不好等,具有很大的學(xué)術(shù)和社會(huì)價(jià)值。同時(shí)智能醫(yī)療設(shè)備也是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療發(fā)展趨勢(shì)所在,相關(guān)領(lǐng)域具有良好的前景。雖然糞便白細(xì)胞自動(dòng)檢測(cè)具有重要價(jià)值,但是糞便白細(xì)胞檢測(cè)由于檢測(cè)目標(biāo)圖樣背景的異常復(fù)雜及白細(xì)胞的形態(tài)多變等問(wèn)題,使得糞便白細(xì)胞的定量自動(dòng)檢測(cè)存在較大難度。本文針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,展開(kāi)了如下幾個(gè)方面的研究,并取得了較好的研究成果,達(dá)到了醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)際使用的目標(biāo)：a)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了糞便中白細(xì)胞特性并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)特性研究。通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料、分析樣品圖樣中白細(xì)胞的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特性,獲取設(shè)計(jì)算法所需的特征信息。研究過(guò)程中,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析完5000份樣本(每樣品有低倍鏡圖5張,高倍鏡圖15張)b)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了研究糞便樣品圖樣背景特性及紅細(xì)胞等其他細(xì)胞的特征信息,以便在復(fù)雜背景中正確的識(shí)別目標(biāo)物-白細(xì)胞,并避免紅細(xì)胞等對(duì)白細(xì)胞檢測(cè)的干擾,為設(shè)計(jì)白細(xì)胞識(shí)別算法準(zhǔn)備判斷信息。研究過(guò)程匯總,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析完5000份樣本(每樣品有低倍鏡圖5張,高倍鏡圖15張)c)研究設(shè)計(jì)了基于白細(xì)胞特征、糞便樣品圖樣的背景信息及糞便中其他細(xì)胞的特征信息等的糞便白細(xì)胞定量自動(dòng)檢測(cè)算法。在醫(yī)院實(shí)際使用時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)了針對(duì)糞便樣本的白細(xì)胞陰陽(yáng)性靈敏度、特異性均高于90%。d)開(kāi)發(fā)了基于本文開(kāi)發(fā)的糞便白細(xì)胞自動(dòng)檢測(cè)算法的糞便白細(xì)胞自動(dòng)檢測(cè)動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā),并實(shí)際滿足了相關(guān)醫(yī)療設(shè)備在醫(yī)院的使用。
[Abstract]:Feces are the main secretions of human beings. About three-quarters of the normal feces are water, and the remaining quarter are solid, while the components in solids are mainly undigested food, digestive tract secretions and tangible components, food decomposition products and bacteria. In healthy human faeces, there are no or occasional white blood cells, and the existing leukocytes are neutrophils, and there is no difference between those with intact morphology and the granulocytes in the blood. If the number of white blood cells detected, abnormal morphology, the body appears inflammation. The quantity and state of biological white blood cells in feces can be used as the first judgment condition to judge the existence of human body disease, and can provide direction and clue for doctors to further test. Medical stool detection, especially white blood cells, has a good effect on the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. At present, the leucocyte examination of feces in hospital is identified by artificial microscope, which has low efficiency, qualitative analysis and large subjective factors, which leads to the failure to find disease in the middle and early stage in time. At the same time, the measurement of leucocyte in hospital feces is large and the related resources are tight, which leads to the shortage of doctor-patient relationship and brings unfavorable social benefits. It is of great academic and social value to carry out the research on automatic detection of leucocyte in feces, which can solve the tension between doctors and patients and the poor precision of detection. At the same time, intelligent medical equipment is also the development trend of modern medical treatment, related fields have a good prospect. Although the automatic detection of leucocyte in feces is of great value, the quantitative automatic detection of leucocyte in feces is difficult because of the complexity of the background of the target pattern and the variety of the morphology of the white blood cell. In order to solve the above problems, this paper has carried out the following research, and achieved the goal of medical practice. The white blood cell characteristics in feces were statistically analyzed and the related characteristics were studied. By consulting the relevant literature, the morphological and structural characteristics of white blood cells in the sample pattern were analyzed, and the characteristic information needed for the design algorithm was obtained. During the course of the study, 5000 samples (5 low-power and 15 high-power) were statistically analyzed for the background characteristics of fecal samples and the characteristic information of other cells, such as red blood cells. In order to correctly identify the target white blood cell in the complex background, and avoid the interference of red blood cell on the white blood cell detection, and prepare the judgment information for the design of the white blood cell recognition algorithm. The research process was summarized, and 5000 samples (5 low-power and 15 high-power microscopes) were studied and designed based on white blood cell characteristics. The quantitative automatic detection algorithm of leucocyte in fecal samples based on background information of fecal samples and characteristic information of other cells in feces. In the actual use of the hospital, the sensitivity of white blood cells in fecal samples was realized, and the specificity was higher than 90. D) A dynamic library for automatic detection of fecal white blood cells was developed based on the automatic detection algorithm of fecal white blood cells developed in this paper. And the actual use of medical equipment in the hospital is satisfied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R446.1;TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：1936207