本文選題：護(hù)士　切入點：亞健康　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的: 本研究調(diào)查了長春市4所三甲綜合醫(yī)院護(hù)士亞健康現(xiàn)狀，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了護(hù)士亞健康的影響因素，深入探討了長春市三甲綜合醫(yī)院護(hù)士的基本資料、鍛煉情況、飲食情況、壓力情況、工作情況等因素與亞健康之間的關(guān)系，為相關(guān)部門采取針對性的干預(yù)措施以及為亞健康相關(guān)研究提供一定的依據(jù)與參考。 方法: 通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研，，檢索中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、維普、PubMed等國內(nèi)主要外數(shù)據(jù)庫，系統(tǒng)地查閱了關(guān)于亞健康的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，為本研究的開展奠定了理論和方法學(xué)依據(jù)。 本研究主要采用《亞健康評定量表》(SHMSV1.0)和《亞健康影響因素評定量表》進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場調(diào)查，采用整群隨機(jī)抽樣的方法，以長春市4家三甲綜合醫(yī)院500名護(hù)士為研究對象，共發(fā)放500份問卷。主要調(diào)查分析了護(hù)士亞健康現(xiàn)狀及影響因素。 利用Epidate3.0建立數(shù)據(jù)庫。數(shù)據(jù)錄入采用雙錄入的方法。使用SPSS18.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，首先，對計量資料進(jìn)行正態(tài)性檢驗和方差齊性檢驗，在服從正態(tài)分布和方差齊的前提下，兩組均數(shù)的比較應(yīng)用t檢驗進(jìn)行處理，多組均數(shù)的比較先應(yīng)用方差分析，然后用LSD法進(jìn)行兩兩比較，均以P0.05為有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義，進(jìn)而深入研究護(hù)士亞健康現(xiàn)狀及影響因素。 結(jié)果： 1.調(diào)查對象的亞健康狀態(tài)評分 生理亞健康子量表中得分最高的條目是食欲情況（3.47±0.94），得分最低的是眼睛舒適（2.85±0.91）；心理亞健康子量表中得分最高的條目是不感到孤獨（3.65±1.06），得分最低的是感到精神放松（2.79±0.95）；社會亞健康子量表中得分最高的是需要幫助時能得到幫助支持情況（3.81±0.90），得分最低的是遇到困難時主動尋求幫助（3.19±0.87）；所有條目中得分最高的前五位分別為：需要幫助時能得到幫助支持（3.81±0.90）、能較快適應(yīng)新的生活（3.74±0.78）、不感到孤獨（3.65±1.06）、能妥善處理好工作生活（3.65±0.81）、與同事朋友關(guān)系密切（3.58±0.93）；得分最低的前五項為：感到精神放松（2.79±0.95）、眼睛舒適（2.85±0.91）、感到心情好（2.94±0.92）、胃腸功能（2.98±0.97）、頭部舒適（3.01±0.92）；綜合比較三個子量表的得分情況：社會亞健康得分（28.35±4.55）、心理亞健康得分（26.18±5.88）、生理亞健康得分（25.57±5.16）。 2.亞健康檢出情況 416名調(diào)查對象中，74.5%的護(hù)士處于亞健康狀態(tài)，另外76.7%的護(hù)士處于生理亞健康狀態(tài)；65.6%的護(hù)士處于心理亞健康狀態(tài)；62.5%的護(hù)士處于社會亞健康的狀態(tài)。 3.調(diào)查對象的亞健康狀態(tài)的影響因素分析 3.1人口學(xué)因素對亞健康的影響 性別為社會亞健康得分和亞健康總分的影響因素，男性社會亞健康、總體亞健康的總分較女性高（P 0.05）；護(hù)齡為護(hù)士心理亞健康得分和總體亞健康得分的影響因素（P 0.05）；職稱為生理、心理、社會亞健康得分和亞健康總分的影響因素（P 0.05）；科室是護(hù)士的生理、心理、社會亞健康得分及亞健康總分的影響因素（P 0.05）；月收入為生理亞健康得分的影響因素（P 0.05）；聘用形式為生理、心理和亞健康總分的影響因素（P 0.05）。 3.2體育鍛煉對亞健康的影響 416名調(diào)查對象中，193（46.4%）人每周偶爾參加體育鍛煉，188（45.2%）人從不參加體育鍛煉（45.2%）；306（73.6%）人每周鍛煉持續(xù)時間在1小時以內(nèi)；210（50.5%）人每天做家務(wù)時間保持在1小時以內(nèi)，96(23.1%)人做家務(wù)時間持續(xù)在1-2小時。參加體育鍛煉/時間、做家務(wù)時間為生理、心理、社會亞健康分?jǐn)?shù)和亞健康總分的影響因素（P 0.05）。 3.3飲食情況對亞健康的影響 416名調(diào)查對象中，178（42.8%）人每周經(jīng)常按時用餐，149（35.8%）人偶爾每周按時用餐；142（34.1%）人每周按時吃早餐，127(30.5%)人經(jīng)常按時吃早餐；186（44.7%）人每天的飲水量為500-1000ml；每周按時吃早餐次數(shù)和每天飲水量是護(hù)士生理、心理、社會亞健康得分和亞健康總分的影響因素（P 0.05）。 3.4壓力情況對亞健康的影響 416名調(diào)查對象中，172(41.3%)人每周偶爾擔(dān)心差錯事故，144（34.6%）人經(jīng)常擔(dān)心差錯事故的發(fā)生；140（33.7%）人偶爾感覺晉升壓力，119（28.6%）人沒有感覺晉升壓力；190(45.7%)人偶爾與同事關(guān)系緊張，187（45.0%）人沒有與同事關(guān)系緊張的情況；199（47.8%）人偶爾感覺生活壓力，119（28.6%）人經(jīng)常感覺生活壓力。每周擔(dān)心差錯事故的發(fā)生、晉職壓力、同事關(guān)系緊張、感覺生活壓力、感覺家庭壓力程度情況是護(hù)士生理、心理、社會亞健康得分和亞健康總分的影響因素（P0.05）。 3.5工作情況對亞健康的影響 416名調(diào)查對象中，每周工作時間40-44小時的護(hù)士173(41.6%)人；45小時以上166（39.9%）人；240（57.7%）人偶爾加班；261（62.7%）人偶爾值夜班。每周工作時間、每周值夜班次數(shù)是護(hù)士生理、心理和亞健康總分的影響因素（P0.05）；每周加班次數(shù)是護(hù)士生理、心理、社會亞健康和亞健康總分的影響因素（P0.05）。 結(jié)論 本次調(diào)查研究對象的亞健康狀態(tài)處于較高水平，即健康狀態(tài)不容樂觀，生理亞健康狀態(tài)相對普遍，其次是心理亞健康狀態(tài)，最后是社會亞健康狀態(tài)。亞健康的影響因素：性別、職稱、科室、聘用形式、體育鍛煉次數(shù)和時間、做家務(wù)時間、按時用餐和吃早餐情況、每日飲水量情況、擔(dān)心差錯事故程度、同事關(guān)系緊張程度、生活及晉職壓力、工作及加班時間。
[Abstract]:Purpose :

This study investigated the status of sub - health status of nurses in the four hospitals in Changchun . On the basis of this , the factors influencing the sub - health of nurses were analyzed , and the relationship between the factors such as basic data , exercise condition , diet , stress and working conditions of nurses in Sanjia Comprehensive Hospital of Changchun City were discussed in detail .

Method :

According to the literature investigation , the main foreign databases such as the Chinese knowledge network , the Wanfang database , the Weipu , and the main foreign databases are searched , and the related literatures about the sub - health are systematically reviewed , which lays a theoretical and methodological basis for the research .

A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to 500 nurses in 4 Sanjia Comprehensive Hospital of Changchun City . The present status and influencing factors of nurses were analyzed .

In this paper , we use the method of double entry for data entry . First of all , we use SPSS 18.0 for data processing . First of all , we use t test and variance analysis to make the comparison between the two groups , and then use LSD method to compare the two groups , and then study the status quo and influencing factors of nurses ' sub - health .

Results :

1 . Sub - health status score of the survey object

The highest score in the physiological sub - health sub - scale was appetite ( 3.47 鹵 0.94 ) , with the lowest score ( 2.85 鹵 0.91 ) .
The highest score in the mental sub - health sub - scale was not lonely ( 3.65 鹵 1.06 ) , and the lowest score was mental relaxation ( 2.79 鹵 0.95 ) ;
The highest score in the sub - scale of social sub - health was the help support ( 3.81 鹵 0.90 ) , and the lowest score was the initiative seeking help ( 3.19 鹵 0.87 ) .
The top five of the highest scores in all the entries were as follows : Help support ( 3.81 鹵 0.90 ) can be obtained when the help is needed . It can adapt quickly to the new life ( 3.74 鹵 0.78 ) . It doesn ' t feel lonely ( 3.65 鹵 1.06 ) . It can properly handle the working life ( 3.65 鹵 0.81 ) . It is close to the colleague ' s friend ( 3.58 鹵 0.93 ) .
The lowest score of the score was : the mental relaxation ( 2.79 鹵 0.95 ) , the comfort of the eyes ( 2.85 鹵 0.91 ) , the feeling of good mood ( 2.94 鹵 0.92 ) , the gastrointestinal function ( 2.98 鹵 0.97 ) , the head comfort ( 3.01 鹵 0.92 ) ;
The scores of three sub - scales were compared : social sub - health score ( 28.35 鹵 4.55 ) , psychological sub - health score ( 26.18 鹵 5.88 ) and physiological sub - health score ( 25.57 鹵 5.16 ) .

2 . Sub - health Check - out

Of 416 respondents , 74.5 % of nurses were in sub - health , and 76.7 % of nurses were in physiological sub - health status ;
65.6 % of nurses were in mental health status ;
62.5 % of nurses are in a state of social sub - health .

3 . Analysis of factors affecting the sub - health status of subjects

3.1 Influence of demographic factors on sub - health

The total score of sub - health and overall sub - health of male was higher than that of women ( P 0.05 ) .
Influence factors of nurses ' mental health score and overall sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) ;
The title refers to the influence factors of physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) ;
The department was the physiological , psychological , social and sub - health score of nurses and the influencing factors of sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) .
The monthly income was the influencing factor of the physiological sub - health score ( P 0.05 ) .
The employment form was the factor of physiology , psychology and sub - health ( P 0.05 ) .

3.2 Effect of physical exercise on sub - health

Of 416 respondents , 193 ( 46.4 % ) participated in physical exercise every week , 188 ( 45.2 % ) never participated in physical exercise ( 45.2 % ) ;
306 ( 73.6 % ) the duration of each week ' s exercise was within 1 hour ;
210 ( 50.5 % ) people do housework every day within 1 hour , 96 ( 23.1 % ) do the housework for 1 - 2 hours . Take physical exercise / time , do the housework time is the factor of physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health total score ( P 0.05 ) .

3.3 Effect of diet on sub - health

Of the 416 respondents , 178 ( 42.8 per cent ) had regular meals per week , 149 ( 35.8 per cent ) had occasional meals per week ;
142 ( 34.1 per cent ) had breakfast on time , 127 ( 30.5 per cent ) had regular breakfast on time ;
186 ( 44.7 % ) people drink 500 - 1000 ml of water per day ;
The number of times of breakfast and drinking water per day were the factors that affect the physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health score of nurses ( P 0.05 ) .

3.4 Effect of pressure conditions on sub - health

Of 416 respondents , 172 ( 41.3 % ) were occasionally worried about error accidents , 144 ( 36.6 % ) often worried about the occurrence of error accidents ;
140 ( 33.7 % ) people occasionally feel the promotion pressure , 119 ( 28.6 % ) people do not feel the promotion pressure ;
190 ( 45.7 per cent ) persons were occasionally associated with colleagues and 187 ( 45.0 per cent ) were not in tension with their colleagues ;
199 ( 47.8 % ) people occasionally feel the pressure of life , 119 ( 28.6 % ) people often feel the pressure of life . Weekly concerns about the occurrence of error accidents , the pressure of promotion , the tension of colleagues , the feeling of life pressure , the feeling of family stress level is the influencing factor of nurses ' physiology , psychology , social sub - health score and sub - health total score ( P0.05 ) .

3.5 Impact of work conditions on sub - health

Among 416 respondents , 173 ( 41.6 % ) of nurses worked for 40 - 44 hours a week ;
166 ( 39.9 % ) persons over 45 hours ;
240 ( 57.7 % ) worked overtime occasionally ;
261 ( 62.7 % ) were occasionally night shift . The weekly working time , the number of weekly duty shift were the influencing factors of nurses ' physiological , psychological and sub - health scores ( P0.05 ) ;
The number of overtime work week was the influencing factor of nurses ' physiology , psychology , social sub - health and sub - health total score ( P0.05 ) .

Conclusion

The sub - health status of the investigated subjects is at a higher level , that is , the health status is not optimistic , the physiological sub - health status is relatively common , the second is the mental subhealth status , and finally is the sub - health status of the society . The effect factors of sub - health include sex , title , department , employment form , physical training times and time , daily meals and breakfast , daily drinking water situation , fear of error accident degree , colleague relationship tension degree , life and promotion pressure , work and overtime time .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R47

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