本文關(guān)鍵詞： 六西格瑪管理 針刺傷 職業(yè)防護(hù)意識(shí)　出處：《河南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：背景:針刺傷是指由醫(yī)療利器造成的刺傷、劃傷等,如注射器針頭、縫合針等刺破皮膚或者造成皮膚深層受傷出血,有可能引起感染性疾病的發(fā)生,給護(hù)士帶來的不僅僅是無法磨滅的身心傷害,還給護(hù)士的家庭帶來嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。本研究針刺傷是指病房護(hù)士采用注射器針頭和靜脈穿刺針進(jìn)行的相關(guān)操作。六西格瑪質(zhì)量管理法是1987年由喬治·費(fèi)雪(George Fisher)發(fā)明的,源于制造業(yè)的質(zhì)量管理,是質(zhì)量管理工具演進(jìn)的產(chǎn)物,是企業(yè)及醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行管理實(shí)踐的理論指導(dǎo)。六西格瑪管理法主要包括定義、測量、分析、改進(jìn)和控制五個(gè)階段,重點(diǎn)是將所有的工作作為一種流程,采用量化的方法,分析流程中影響質(zhì)量最關(guān)鍵的因素并加以改進(jìn),從而達(dá)到更好的效果。目的:本研究通過六西格瑪管理法,測量醫(yī)院護(hù)士針刺傷的發(fā)生現(xiàn)狀,探討影響護(hù)士發(fā)生針刺傷的因素,調(diào)查護(hù)士職業(yè)防護(hù)知識(shí)知曉情況,了解本院護(hù)士發(fā)生針刺傷后的心理狀態(tài),采取改進(jìn)措施以降低護(hù)士的針刺傷發(fā)生率。方法:采用調(diào)查問卷方式,通過對(duì)河南科技大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院護(hù)士針刺傷情況的調(diào)查,選取針刺傷發(fā)生率高的4個(gè)科室,隨機(jī)分為干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組兩組。干預(yù)組60名護(hù)士于2013年實(shí)施六西格瑪管理方法進(jìn)行干預(yù),對(duì)照組61名護(hù)士于2013年進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)護(hù)理管理。兩組2012年的針刺傷例數(shù)及人數(shù)等沒有顯著性差異。本研究運(yùn)用Minitab軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,采用頭腦風(fēng)暴、因果圖等管理工具進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果:研究結(jié)果顯示醫(yī)院護(hù)士的針刺傷發(fā)生率處于較高水平,對(duì)護(hù)士的身心健康造成極大的威脅;護(hù)士的職業(yè)防護(hù)意識(shí)薄弱;針刺傷后的心理壓力無法緩解。對(duì)照組應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)的管理方法2012年針刺傷的西格瑪水平(Z值)為3.30;2013年西格瑪水平(Z值)增加到3.61,改進(jìn)效果不明顯;干預(yù)組2012年針刺傷的西格瑪水平(Z值)為3.33;2013年經(jīng)六西格瑪管理后西格瑪水平(Z值)增加到4.43,改進(jìn)成效顯著。結(jié)論:2013年干預(yù)組經(jīng)過六西格瑪管理后針刺傷人數(shù)及例數(shù)顯著下降,防護(hù)知識(shí)知曉率增加,護(hù)士的職業(yè)防護(hù)意識(shí)提高,針刺傷后的心理狀態(tài)也有所好轉(zhuǎn)。六西格瑪管理法能夠有效降低護(hù)士針刺傷發(fā)生率,效果明顯高于傳統(tǒng)的管理方法。
[Abstract]:Background: needle stab injury is a stab wound or scratch injury caused by a medical instrument, such as syringe needle, stitching needle and so on, which may lead to the occurrence of infectious diseases. It's not just the indelible physical and mental damage that's been done to the nurses. This study refers to the use of syringe needles and venipuncture needles by nurses in the ward. The six Sigma method of quality management was carried out by George fee in 1987. Snow (. George Fisher. The quality management originated from the manufacturing industry is the product of the evolution of the quality management tools and the theoretical guidance of the management practice of enterprises and medical institutions. The six Sigma management method mainly includes definition measurement and analysis. The five phases of improvement and control focus on all work as a process, using a quantitative approach to analyze and improve the most critical factors affecting quality in the process. In order to achieve better results. Objective: this study through the six Sigma management method, measured the hospital nurses needle stab injury of the status quo, to explore the factors affecting the occurrence of needle puncture. To investigate the knowledge of nurses' occupational protection, to understand the psychological state of nurses after needle puncture, and to take measures to reduce the incidence of needling injuries. Methods: questionnaire was used. Based on the investigation of needling injuries among nurses in the first affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 4 departments with high incidence of needling injuries were selected. 60 nurses in the intervention group were treated with six Sigma management method in 2013. In 2013, 61 nurses in the control group received traditional nursing management. There was no significant difference in the number and number of acupuncture injuries between the two groups on 2012. The statistical score of the data was obtained by using Minitab software in this study. Analysis. Results: the results showed that the incidence of needling injuries of nurses in hospitals was at a high level, which posed a great threat to the physical and mental health of nurses. Nurses' awareness of occupational protection is weak; The psychological pressure after acupuncture injury could not be alleviated. In the control group, the sigma level Z value of acupuncture wound in 2012 was 3.30 using the traditional management method. In 2013, the sigma level Z value increased to 3.61, and the improvement effect was not obvious. On 2012, the sigma level of intervention group was 3.33; In 2013, the sigma level increased to 4.43 after six Sigma management, and the improvement was remarkable. Conclusion: after six Sigma management, the number of needling injuries and the number of cases in the intervention group decreased significantly in 2013. The awareness rate of protection knowledge increased, the occupational protection consciousness of nurses improved, and the psychological state of nurses after acupuncture was improved. Six Sigma management method can effectively reduce the incidence of needling injuries of nurses. The effect is obviously higher than the traditional management method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R47

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本文編號(hào)：1459282