【摘要】：完整準確的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲是網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的基礎(chǔ),鏈路層拓撲作為全網(wǎng)拓撲的重要組成部分,由于鏈路層設(shè)備的多樣性、透明性以及多子網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性,使得鏈路層拓撲自動發(fā)現(xiàn)算法成為全網(wǎng)拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)研究的重點和難點。本文擬通過對當前主流算法和典型拓撲的分析,提出一種改進的鏈路層拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)算法。 本文首先分析了基于私有協(xié)議、基于生成樹協(xié)議、基于探測包和基于地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表的四類鏈路層拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)基于地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表的算法具有更好的普適性。經(jīng)理論分析和實際環(huán)境驗證,在大規(guī)模交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中獲得下行鏈路完整地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表與獲得完整(上下行鏈路完整)地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表相比,可行性更高。因此,本研究在下行鏈路地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表完整這一前提下,對Yigal Bejerano的算法進行改進,提出一種基于最短路徑的鏈路層拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)算法。算法先利用該轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表針對每個子網(wǎng)構(gòu)建交換設(shè)備間的最短路徑,再通過分析總結(jié)出的四項端口鄰接判定規(guī)則優(yōu)化最短路徑,使每條最短路徑形成單一端口組成的序列,從而計算出網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲。與當前主要文獻提出的算法相比,該算法能較好的適用于多子網(wǎng)復雜拓撲環(huán)境,在一定程度上降低了算法復雜度。本算法采用VC++語言基于SNMP協(xié)議實現(xiàn),并在某大學校園網(wǎng)中進行測試,能準確地發(fā)現(xiàn)多子網(wǎng)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲。 經(jīng)理論和實際環(huán)境驗證,證明本研究提出的基于下行鏈路完整地址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表構(gòu)建最短路徑的鏈路層拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)算法可以較好地發(fā)現(xiàn)復雜多子網(wǎng)的鏈路層拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),具有較強的實踐意義和推廣價值。
[Abstract]:Complete and accurate network topology is the basis of network management. Link layer topology, as an important part of the whole network topology, because of the diversity and transparency of link layer equipment and the complexity of multi-subnet structure, the automatic discovery algorithm of link layer topology has become the focus and difficulty of the whole network topology discovery research. In this paper, an improved link layer topology discovery algorithm is proposed by analyzing the current mainstream algorithms and typical topologies. In this paper, four kinds of link layer topology discovery methods based on private protocol, spanning tree protocol, detection packet and address forwarding table are analyzed, and it is found that the algorithm based on address forwarding table has better universality. Through theoretical analysis and practical environment verification, it is more feasible to obtain the complete downlink address forwarding table in the large-scale switching network than to obtain the complete (downlink complete) address forwarding table. Therefore, on the premise of complete downlink address forwarding table, this paper improves the Yigal Bejerano algorithm and proposes a link layer topology discovery algorithm based on the shortest path. The algorithm first uses the forwarding table to construct the shortest path between switching devices for each subnet, and then optimizes the shortest path through the analysis and summary of the four port adjoining decision rules, so that each shortest path forms a sequence composed of a single port, and then the network topology is calculated. Compared with the algorithms proposed in the current literature, this algorithm is better suitable for multi-subnet complex topology environment and reduces the complexity of the algorithm to a certain extent. The algorithm is implemented by VC language based on SNMP protocol and tested in the campus network of a university, which can accurately find the network topology of multi-subnet link layer. Through the verification of theory and practical environment, it is proved that the link layer topology discovery algorithm based on downlink complete address forwarding table can find the link layer topology of complex multi-subnet well, which has strong practical significance and popularization value.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP393.02

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