【摘要】：隨著嵌入式系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用和網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)技術(shù)的完善,油田設(shè)備實現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)通訊成為當前研究的熱點。采用嵌入式協(xié)議棧的直接連接方式是解決油田設(shè)備互聯(lián)網(wǎng)問題的一個比較好的方案。IPv6不但解決了IPv4地址耗竭的問題,還具有擴展性好,安全性高,能更好地支持QoS,支持移動性等優(yōu)點。因此在油田設(shè)備中實現(xiàn)IPv6功能具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。雖然目前在商用系統(tǒng)和Linux操作系統(tǒng)中已經(jīng)有了對IPv6功能的支持,但由于系統(tǒng)成本或代碼體積的原因,并不能滿足所有嵌入式應用的要求。2012年12月,應公司要求,為大慶油田A11(油氣生產(chǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的簡稱)項目組設(shè)計同時支持IPV4及IPV6的雙協(xié)議棧RTU。該協(xié)議棧的設(shè)計難點在于IPV6協(xié)議族的協(xié)議理解及程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)上。大慶A11項目組對油田專用RTU的協(xié)議棧提出如下要求:1、IPV6協(xié)議棧支持動態(tài)IP地址配置;2、IPV6協(xié)議棧支持靜態(tài)IP地址配置;3、支持IPV4、IPV6雙棧;4、不得使用串口轉(zhuǎn)以太網(wǎng)模塊實現(xiàn)以太網(wǎng)通訊;5、禁止OEM及嵌入第三方以太網(wǎng)通訊模塊。針對大慶“油氣生產(chǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)”中RTU(遠程測控單元)以太網(wǎng)通訊的技術(shù)要求,需要實現(xiàn)的協(xié)議有IPV6、ICMPV6、TCP、UDP、DCHPV6。其他協(xié)議,因與油田應用無關(guān),不在設(shè)計范圍之內(nèi)。本人曾經(jīng)在嵌入式實時系統(tǒng)μC/OS-Ⅱ上設(shè)計過一款I(lǐng)Pv4協(xié)議棧,根據(jù)設(shè)計要求,本人在IPv4協(xié)議棧上進行了擴展,以實現(xiàn)對IPV4、IPV6雙棧支持。由于協(xié)議運行于RTU上,要求協(xié)議棧代碼效率高,占用RAM空間小。因此,新設(shè)計的IPv6協(xié)議棧盡量與原IPV4協(xié)議棧代碼和RAM空間實現(xiàn)共享。針對油田上的應用,設(shè)計中充分考慮了實時性要求。同時,為了應對將來技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及應用上的彈性,本設(shè)計在當前油田要求的基礎(chǔ)上,盡可能的考慮了可裁剪性和可擴展性。同時,為了方便應用工程師的使用,在精煉代碼的同時,充分考慮了工程師們的編程、應用習慣,應用接口采用普遍使用的套接字接口。應用的流程同樣遵循初始化、建立套接字、綁定或連接后,再進行接收、發(fā)送操作,使用完畢后斷開鏈接的流程。本論文為了實現(xiàn)設(shè)計目標,主要通過四個方面的研究展開設(shè)計工作:一是針對windows操作系統(tǒng)以及l(fā)inux操作系統(tǒng)中,關(guān)于套接字接口結(jié)構(gòu)進行研究,以便于設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)更貼合應用程序員使用習慣的套接字接口程序。二是針對IPv6導致的TCP協(xié)議校驗以及偽報頭產(chǎn)生的變化進行了相應的設(shè)計調(diào)整,以便于達到在盡量少的改動及代碼增量的前提下,解決IPv4與IPv6下的TCP協(xié)議的共用問題。三是針對IPv6協(xié)議棧的核心——IPv6協(xié)議進行設(shè)計和實現(xiàn),其中主要考量的是代碼效率以及與IPv4資源共用問題。四是針對IPv6協(xié)議棧引發(fā)的ICMP協(xié)議變化,進行新版本ICMP的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)。同時對于IPv6所特有的鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)以及無狀態(tài)地址協(xié)議進行設(shè)計。本論文在基于油田RTU的IPV6協(xié)議設(shè)計完成后,單獨拿出一章講解了測試方法及測試結(jié)果,從理論以及實踐兩個方面,說明了本協(xié)議棧的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the extensive use of the embedded system and the improvement of the network interconnection technology, the oil field equipment realizes the Internet communication becomes the hot point of the current research. The direct connection of the embedded protocol stack is a good solution to the problem of Internet in the field of oil field equipment. IPv6 not only solves the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, but also has the advantages of good expansibility and high security, and can support QoS and support mobility. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to realize the IPv6 function in the field equipment. Although support for IPv6 functionality is currently available in both commercial and Linux operating systems, the requirements of all embedded applications cannot be met due to system cost or code volume. In December 2012, corporate requirements were required, The project team is designed to support the dual-protocol stack RTU of IPV4 and IPV6. The difficulty of the protocol stack is the protocol understanding and program implementation of the IPV6 protocol family. the Daqing A11 project team provides the following requirements for the protocol stack of the special RTU of the oil field: 1, the IPV6 protocol stack supports the dynamic IPaddress configuration; 2, the IPV6 protocol stack supports the static IPaddress configuration; 3, the IPV6 dual stack is supported; 4, the Ethernet communication can not be realized by using the serial-port-to-Ethernet module; and 5, Prohibited the OEM and the embedded third-party Ethernet communication module. For the technical requirements of the Ethernet communication of RTU (remote measurement and control unit) in Daqing 鈥淥il and gas production internet of things system鈥，

本文編號：2421277