【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在人口老齡化的大趨勢(shì)之下，老年人作為不斷壯大的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶群體受到關(guān)注并日益成長(zhǎng)為一支具有潛在商業(yè)價(jià)值的新生軍力量，但國(guó)內(nèi)的老年人網(wǎng)站大都從內(nèi)容層面滿足老年人的心理需求，沒(méi)有解決網(wǎng)站瀏覽過(guò)程中老齡化所引發(fā)的生理及心理障礙，造成了老年人群探索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、獲取的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息權(quán)利的不平等性，在此背景下，對(duì)老年人網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，使體驗(yàn)更加符合老年人認(rèn)知特征成為必要。 萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)網(wǎng)站（W3C）可達(dá)性倡議WAI（Web Accessibility Initiative）所闡述的可達(dá)性設(shè)計(jì)（accessible design）是一種技術(shù)與交互的準(zhǔn)則，旨在使生理上存在殘障的特殊人群獲得無(wú)障礙的用戶體驗(yàn)。遵循WAI中的指導(dǎo)原則進(jìn)行網(wǎng)站開(kāi)發(fā)，在一定程度上解決了感官機(jī)能的衰退對(duì)信息的讀取所產(chǎn)生的障礙，但個(gè)體從網(wǎng)站獲取信息的過(guò)程是一個(gè)認(rèn)知的行為過(guò)程，不僅僅是感官上的信息接收問(wèn)題，網(wǎng)站信息架構(gòu)及交互方式是網(wǎng)站可達(dá)性設(shè)計(jì)的核心。 個(gè)體的認(rèn)知的行為簡(jiǎn)單而言是信息的獲取與使用。本文試圖通過(guò)構(gòu)建認(rèn)知信息加工模型，從感知覺(jué)、記憶、思維和心理模型四個(gè)方面分析老齡化所帶來(lái)的認(rèn)知退化特征，并將其所導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知障礙映射到訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站的過(guò)程當(dāng)中，總結(jié)出老年人心理模型特征，從網(wǎng)站信息架構(gòu)、交互細(xì)節(jié)及界面設(shè)計(jì)的角度解析老年人對(duì)網(wǎng)站可達(dá)性的要求，從增強(qiáng)信息輸入、增強(qiáng)信息貯存和引導(dǎo)用戶邏輯思維三個(gè)立足點(diǎn)引申出信息簡(jiǎn)化、信息情景化、設(shè)計(jì)一致性、多樣化的導(dǎo)航機(jī)制等可達(dá)性設(shè)計(jì)方法，并歸納出一般性的設(shè)計(jì)原則，為老年人網(wǎng)站的可達(dá)性設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)與方法支持。 論文主要結(jié)合在惠普（中國(guó)）參與的五十多老年人網(wǎng)站項(xiàng)目，通過(guò)引用上述理論及方法初步達(dá)到了降低老年人認(rèn)知負(fù)擔(dān)，增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)站的易用性的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet technology, under the general trend of aging population, older people, as a growing group of Internet users, are attracting attention and growing into a new force with potential commercial value. However, most of the elderly websites in China satisfy the psychological needs of the elderly from the content level, and fail to solve the physiological and psychological obstacles caused by the aging of the website, which has caused the elderly people to explore the Internet. Under this background, it is necessary to optimize the design of the website for the elderly to make the experience more in line with the cognitive characteristics of the elderly. The accessibility Design (accessible design) described by the World wide Web Association Web site (W3C) accessibility Initiative WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) is a technical and interactive guideline designed to provide accessible user experiences for special populations with physical disabilities. Following the guiding principles of WAI for website development, to a certain extent, the decline of sensory function has solved the obstacle of information reading, but the process of individual obtaining information from the website is a cognitive behavior process. Not only the problem of sensory information reception, but also the information architecture and interaction are the core of website accessibility design. The cognitive behavior of individuals is simply the acquisition and use of information. This paper attempts to construct a cognitive information processing model to analyze the characteristics of cognitive degradation brought by aging from four aspects: perception, memory, thinking and psychological model, and map the cognitive impairment caused by it to the process of visiting the website. Summarizes the psychological model features of the elderly, analyzes the requirements of the elderly for the accessibility of the website from the perspective of information architecture, interaction details and interface design, and enhances the input of information. Enhancing the storage of information and guiding the user's logical thinking can lead to information simplification, information situationalization, design consistency, diversified navigation mechanism and other reachability design methods, and generalize the general design principles. To provide the theoretical basis and method support for the accessibility design of the website for the elderly. This paper mainly combines with the more than 50 old people website project in HP (China). By quoting the above theories and methods, the paper has achieved the goal of reducing the cognitive burden of the elderly and enhancing the usability of the website.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TP393.092;B842

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本文編號(hào)：2333272