本文選題：Web服務(wù) + 服務(wù)組合　； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,面向服務(wù)的計(jì)算(Service-Oriented Computing,SOC)和面向服務(wù)的體系架構(gòu)(Service-Oriented Architecture,SOA)作為新型的計(jì)算模式和軟件架構(gòu),有效地解決了在分布、動(dòng)態(tài)、異構(gòu)環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用集成問題。隨著Web服務(wù)技術(shù)的不斷成熟和發(fā)展,Web服務(wù)以其良好的封裝性、松耦合、自描述等特點(diǎn),成為SOA的重要實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)之一,促使SOA從概念走向應(yīng)用。由于單個(gè)Web服務(wù)提供的功能有限,為了滿足實(shí)際應(yīng)用的需求,常常通過組合已有Web服務(wù)以構(gòu)建增值的、具有更大粒度的Web服務(wù)。因而,如何分析和保證Web服務(wù)之間不同層次的互操作性以實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)的正確組合,成為當(dāng)前具有挑戰(zhàn)性的關(guān)鍵問題之一。Web服務(wù)技術(shù)所采用的一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)減少了服務(wù)之間的異構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了Web服務(wù)底層的互操作性。然而,Web服務(wù)在組合時(shí)仍然面臨高層的互操作性問題。由于參與組合的Web服務(wù)通常是由不同的第三方獨(dú)立地開發(fā),這些開發(fā)者使用不同的方式來定義服務(wù)的接口描述、交互協(xié)議、功能語義等。因此,在進(jìn)行服務(wù)組合之前,需要進(jìn)行相容性分析以判定服務(wù)之間是否能夠互操作。由于服務(wù)之間不相容而導(dǎo)致它們不能直接組合的現(xiàn)象常常發(fā)生,需要利用服務(wù)適配技術(shù)來消除服務(wù)之間的不相容而不改變服務(wù)的內(nèi)部代碼,從而保證服務(wù)之間的互操作性。本文主要圍繞服務(wù)組合中的相容性分析和適配問題展開研究。重點(diǎn)研究了服務(wù)的接口、協(xié)議和語義建模,服務(wù)相容性判定和相容度計(jì)算,面向設(shè)計(jì)階段的適配器自動(dòng)構(gòu)造,面向運(yùn)行階段的適配器重配置分析的關(guān)鍵問題。主要工作與貢獻(xiàn)如下:(1)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有Web服務(wù)建模方法對(duì)服務(wù)接口、協(xié)議和語義的形式化描述的不足,提出了一種服務(wù)接口、協(xié)議和語義的形式化統(tǒng)一建模方法。通過對(duì)有限自動(dòng)機(jī)模型進(jìn)行接口、協(xié)議和語義擴(kuò)展,提出了IPSFA(interface,protocol and semantics extended finite automata)模型用于對(duì)服務(wù)進(jìn)行形式化描述;給出了IPSFA的組合模型的形式語義,并討論了如何將基于XML的服務(wù)描述語言轉(zhuǎn)換為IPSFA模型的方法。該建模方法同時(shí)兼顧服務(wù)在接口層、協(xié)議層和語義層上的描述信息以及它們之間的約束關(guān)系,為服務(wù)相容性分析和適配研究提供了合適的理論模型。(2)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有Web服務(wù)相容性分析方法通常僅關(guān)注服務(wù)的協(xié)議層信息,且缺乏對(duì)服務(wù)相容性進(jìn)行定量分析的問題,提出了一種支持接口、協(xié)議和語義的服務(wù)相容性判定和相容度計(jì)算方法。在分析現(xiàn)有的服務(wù)相容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上,基于IPSFA模型給出了服務(wù)之間三種相容性的形式化定義并給出了相應(yīng)的判定算法;針對(duì)服務(wù)實(shí)際執(zhí)行過程中的不確定性,通過引入執(zhí)行路徑概念并分析服務(wù)執(zhí)行路徑之間在接口、協(xié)議和語義層上的對(duì)偶關(guān)系來計(jì)算服務(wù)之間的相容度。該方法可以用于識(shí)別導(dǎo)致服務(wù)之間不相容的交互部分以反饋給開發(fā)者對(duì)服務(wù)進(jìn)行重新調(diào)整或設(shè)計(jì),且其定量計(jì)算結(jié)果可以為服務(wù)選擇提供重要參考。(3)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)服務(wù)適配方法在支持不同層面的適配、適配器構(gòu)造的自動(dòng)化程度以及適配器BPEL代碼生成方面的不足,提出了一種面向設(shè)計(jì)階段的適配器自動(dòng)構(gòu)造方法。利用服務(wù)的語義信息以及本體概念之間的語義包含關(guān)系自動(dòng)生成服務(wù)之間的消息映射;在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用“邊約簡(jiǎn)邊生成”的思想提出了提高了適配器自動(dòng)構(gòu)造的效率,并給出了約簡(jiǎn)后的適配器模型到BPEL代碼的生成方法。通過該方法既可以消除服務(wù)之間接口層和協(xié)議層上的不相容使得多個(gè)服務(wù)能夠進(jìn)行組合,又保證了基于適配器的服務(wù)組合在語義上的一致性。(4)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有運(yùn)行時(shí)服務(wù)適配方法缺乏對(duì)適配器重配置分析的支持,提出了一種面向運(yùn)行階段的適配器重配置分析方法。通過引入后向跡符合和前向跡符合的概念,以判定適配器實(shí)例的歷史執(zhí)行和將來可能的執(zhí)行在新適配器定義下的有效性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于前/后向跡符合的適配器重配置分析算法,用于判定適配器實(shí)例的可遷移性以及確定重配置的目標(biāo)狀態(tài)。通過該方法使得適配器具有重配置的能力,以便應(yīng)對(duì)服務(wù)在運(yùn)行期間的演化問題。(5)基于以上方法和理論,設(shè)計(jì)并部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了支持相容性分析和適配的服務(wù)組合原型工具,給出了該工具的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)、主要功能模塊和執(zhí)行流程。該工具能夠支持服務(wù)選擇階段的相容性判定和相容度計(jì)算、服務(wù)組合設(shè)計(jì)階段的適配器自動(dòng)構(gòu)造、服務(wù)組合運(yùn)行階段的適配器重配置分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, service oriented computing (Service-Oriented Computing, SOC) and service oriented architecture (Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA), as a new computing model and software architecture, effectively solve the problem of application in distributed, dynamic and heterogeneous environments. With the continuous maturation and development of Web service technology, Web services With its good encapsulation, loosely coupled, self description and so on, it has become one of the important implementation technologies of SOA, prompting SOA from concept to application. Because the function provided by a single Web service is limited, in order to meet the needs of the actual application, it often constructs value-added and has a larger granularity Web service by combining the existing Web services. An analysis and assurance of interoperability between different levels of Web services to achieve a correct combination of services has become one of the key issues that are currently challenging. A series of standards adopted by.Web services technology reduce the heterogeneity between services and realize the interoperability of the underlying Web services. However, the Web service still faces high-level interoperability in the combination of services. Operational problems. Since the Web services involved in the combination are usually developed independently by different third parties, these developers use different ways to define service interface descriptions, interaction protocols, functional semantics, etc. Therefore, the compatibility analysis needs to be carried out to determine whether the service can be interoperable before the service composition is carried out. The incompatibility between services often leads to their inability to combine directly. The service adaptation technology should be used to eliminate the incompatibility between services without changing the internal code of the service, thus ensuring the interoperability between services. This paper focuses on the compatibility analysis and adaptation problems in the service composition. The interface, protocol and semantic modeling of services, service compatibility determination and compatibility calculation, the automatic construction of adapters in the design phase, and the key problems of the runtime oriented adapter reconfiguration analysis are studied. The main work and contributions are as follows: (1) the formalization of the existing Web service modeling methods for service interfaces, protocols and semantics A formal unified modeling method for service interfaces, protocols and semantics is proposed. Through the interface, protocol and semantic extension of the finite automata model, the IPSFA (interface, protocol and semantics extended finite automata) model is proposed for formal description of service, and a combination mode of IPSFA is given. Form semantics, and discuss how to convert the XML based service description language into a IPSFA model. The modeling method takes into account the description information on the interface layer, the protocol layer and the semantic layer and the constraints between them, and provides a suitable theoretical model for the service compatibility analysis and adaptation research. (2) The existing methods of Web service compatibility analysis usually focus only on the protocol layer information of services, and lack the quantitative analysis of service compatibility. A method of service compatibility determination and compatibility calculation is proposed to support the interface, protocol and semantics. Based on the analysis of the existing standards of service compatibility, the IPSFA model is given. A formal definition of three compatibility between services is defined and a corresponding decision algorithm is given. In view of the uncertainty in the actual execution of services, the compatibility between services is calculated by introducing the concept of the execution path and analyzing the dual relationship between the service execution paths on the interface, protocol and semantic layer. This method can be used to identify the service. Do not cause an incompatible interaction between services to feed back to the developer to adjust or design the service, and its quantitative results can provide an important reference for service selection. (3) for the existing design time service adaptation methods in support of different levels of adaptation, the degree of automation of the adapter structure and the adapter BPEL code In the lack of generation, a method of automatic adaptor construction for design phase is proposed. Using semantic information of service and semantic inclusion relationship between ontology concepts, the message mapping between services is automatically generated. On this basis, the idea of "edge reduction generation" is used to improve the efficiency of automatic adaptor construction. Rate, and gives the generation method of the reduced adapter model to the BPEL code. By this method, the incompatibility between the interface layer and the protocol layer between services can be eliminated so that multiple services can be combined, and the semantic consistency of the adapter based service composition is guaranteed. (4) the existing operation time service adaptation method is short. For the support of the adaptor reconfiguration analysis, a runtime oriented adapter reconfiguration analysis method is proposed. By introducing the concept of back trace coincidence and forward trace conformation, the history execution of the adapter instance and the possible future execution under the new adapter definition are determined. The adapter reconfiguration analysis algorithm is used to determine the mobility of the adapter instance and to determine the target state of the reconfiguration. Through this method, the adapter has the ability to reconfigure the adapter to cope with the evolution of the service during operation. (5) based on the above methods and theories, the support compatibility is designed and partially implemented. The system architecture, the main function modules and the execution flow of the tool are given. The tool can support the compatibility determination and compatibility calculation of the service selection stage, the adapter automatic construction in the service composition design phase, and the adapter reconfiguration analysis in the service composition operation stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP393.09

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本文編號(hào)：2067622