【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)地域廣闊的大國(guó),鐵路經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展,路網(wǎng)已基本完善,鐵路在過(guò)去的幾十年中一直是我國(guó)運(yùn)輸?shù)拇髣?dòng)脈,擔(dān)負(fù)著國(guó)家物資、人民生活用品的運(yùn)輸任務(wù)。如今國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛,航空、水運(yùn)、公路市場(chǎng)早已開(kāi)始了市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的改革。鐵路運(yùn)輸關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生,由于鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn),在運(yùn)輸組織中仍然有很強(qiáng)的計(jì)劃性,導(dǎo)致鐵路在運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)中占據(jù)的份額越來(lái)越小。鐵路已逐步失去了普通貨物運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng),目前鐵路的主要運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)在煤炭、鋼鐵等大宗貨物市場(chǎng),然而國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力大,國(guó)家開(kāi)展經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型,積極發(fā)展清潔能源,關(guān)閉了大量的高能耗企業(yè),市場(chǎng)對(duì)于煤炭、鋼鐵的需求量連年下降,鐵路運(yùn)輸收益也大幅下降。鐵路目前已到了必須進(jìn)行改革的地步,若不進(jìn)行改革必然會(huì)被市場(chǎng)淘汰。文章通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查、實(shí)地考察分析對(duì)我國(guó)鐵路的貨運(yùn)情況、我國(guó)物流的發(fā)展情況以及呼和浩特鐵路局自身的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和分析,結(jié)合研究歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)母母锝?jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)呼和浩特鐵路局的貨運(yùn)改革提出了一些建議。首先,文章分析了物流行業(yè)的特點(diǎn),并使用SWOT法分析了鐵路在我國(guó)市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下的優(yōu)劣勢(shì),鐵路面對(duì)的市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)很多,國(guó)家內(nèi)部發(fā)展與外部拓展都離不開(kāi)鐵路的支持,但內(nèi)部環(huán)境惡劣,鐵路機(jī)構(gòu)繁雜、貨運(yùn)設(shè)施老舊、信息系統(tǒng)分散、貨運(yùn)營(yíng)銷體制僵化、缺少人才等已經(jīng)成為阻礙鐵路進(jìn)行改革的主要原因,鐵路進(jìn)行改革面臨很大的困難。其次,結(jié)合呼和浩特鐵路局的自身實(shí)際情況,研究了開(kāi)展物流化改革的思路以及在改革中呼和浩特鐵路局的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、貨運(yùn)費(fèi)率、信息化、貨運(yùn)營(yíng)銷、貨運(yùn)安全及速率方面存在的主要問(wèn)題。再次,針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題,研究其他路局的改革經(jīng)驗(yàn),分別對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題提出了構(gòu)建呼和浩特鐵路局貨運(yùn)中心、建立物流中心、重組貨運(yùn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)、打造“呼鐵物流”貨運(yùn)品牌、加強(qiáng)運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品包裝、運(yùn)輸途中管理、構(gòu)建信息中心等改革的具體措施。最后,結(jié)合我國(guó)電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展,分析了小件貨物市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)輸需求,依靠高速鐵路的快速發(fā)展,探討了利用高鐵進(jìn)行貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)牧熊嚱M織策略和行車組織策略,列車組織方面主要根據(jù)貨源情況,組織開(kāi)行混合列車、快運(yùn)專列,并對(duì)開(kāi)行混合列車情況下貨物的裝載模式進(jìn)行了研究。行車組織方面主要結(jié)合高鐵施工的現(xiàn)狀,組織開(kāi)行跨線列車、短途快運(yùn)等列車以滿足市場(chǎng)需求。
[Abstract]:Our country is a large country with vast area. After decades of development, the railway network has been basically perfect. In the past several decades, the railway has been the main artery of transportation in our country, bearing the task of transportation of national goods and materials, people's daily necessities. Now the national economy takes off, aviation, water transportation, highway market has already begun the reform of market-oriented economy. Railway transportation is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Because of the characteristics of railway transportation, there is still a strong plan in the transportation organization, which leads to the railway occupying a smaller and smaller share in the transportation market. The railway has gradually lost the general freight transport market. At present, the main transport markets of railways are coal, steel and other large commodity markets. However, the national economy is under great downward pressure, and the country is carrying out economic structural transformation and actively developing clean energy. The closure of a large number of high-energy enterprises, the market for coal, steel demand has fallen year after year, railway transport revenue also fell sharply. The railway has now reached the point where it must be reformed, without which it will be eliminated by the market. Through literature investigation, field investigation and analysis, the paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the situation of freight transportation, the development of logistics in China and the development of Hohhot Railway Bureau itself. Based on the experience of railway transportation reform in developed countries such as Europe and America, some suggestions are put forward for the freight transport reform of Hohhot Railway Bureau. First of all, the paper analyzes the characteristics of logistics industry, and uses SWOT method to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of railway in our market environment. The railway faces a lot of market opportunities, the development of the country and the external development can not be separated from the support of the railway. However, the internal environment is bad, the railway organization is complicated, the freight transportation facilities are old, the information system is dispersed, the freight marketing system is rigid, the lack of talented person has become the main reason which hinders the railway reform, the railway reform faces the very big difficulty. Secondly, combining with the actual situation of Hohhot Railway Bureau, this paper studies the thinking of developing logistics reform and the institutional setting, freight rate, informatization, freight marketing of Hohhot Railway Bureau in the course of reform. The main problems in freight safety and speed. Thirdly, in view of the existing problems, the paper studies the reform experience of other railway bureaus, and puts forward the construction of Huhehaote Railway Administration Freight Center, the establishment of logistics center, the reorganization of freight management agencies, and the creation of "Hu-tie Logistics" freight transport brand. Strengthen the transportation product packaging, transportation management, construction of information center and other specific measures of reform. Finally, combined with the development of electronic commerce market in our country, this paper analyzes the transportation demand of small goods market, depending on the rapid development of high-speed railway, discusses the train organization strategy and train organization strategy of using high-speed railway to carry out freight transportation. In the aspect of train organization, the mixed train and express train are organized according to the source of goods, and the loading mode of goods under the condition of mixed train is studied. In order to meet the needs of the market, train organization is mainly combined with the present situation of high-speed railway construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F532.6

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本文編號(hào)：2254932