我國(guó)商事留置權(quán)制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 10:27
【摘要】：我國(guó)《物權(quán)法》第231條規(guī)定:“債權(quán)人留置的動(dòng)產(chǎn),應(yīng)當(dāng)與債權(quán)屬于同一法律關(guān)系,但企業(yè)之間留置的除外�！�1通過(guò)對(duì)民事留置權(quán)成立要件中‘同一法律關(guān)系’做出例外規(guī)定,該條奠定了我國(guó)法律上的商事留置權(quán)制度基礎(chǔ)。商事留置權(quán)不同于民事留置權(quán)的最大的區(qū)別就在于對(duì)留置的標(biāo)的物與債權(quán)之間的牽連性的不同要求。對(duì)商事留置權(quán)成立要件的特殊規(guī)定使得對(duì)民事主體和商事主體的保護(hù)程度和水平不甚均衡,這似乎與民法的平等和公平原則背道而馳,但這主要是由商事活動(dòng)的特殊性決定的,有其存在的必然性。由于商事交易的標(biāo)的額比較大,且交易頻率高、持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),在發(fā)生糾紛時(shí)法院很難從多次交易中厘清哪次交易符合‘同一法律關(guān)系’的要件,所以商事留置權(quán)的確立有利于商事交易的安全、高效、順利進(jìn)行和司法實(shí)踐的便利實(shí)施,這也正是商事留置權(quán)的價(jià)值功能所在。商事交易對(duì)于效率與安全的高度要求決定了商事留置權(quán)的發(fā)生條件具有特殊性,適用的范圍也要相應(yīng)的擴(kuò)大。然而我國(guó)對(duì)商事留置權(quán)的法律規(guī)定過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,使得在司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)于商事留置權(quán)適用的具體情形不好把握。因此,深入研究一下商事留置權(quán)制度方面的問(wèn)題或有助于這些問(wèn)題的解決。在立法上應(yīng)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大商事留置權(quán)的適用主體,明確商事留置權(quán)牽連關(guān)系的認(rèn)定,規(guī)范商事留置權(quán)的行使范圍,進(jìn)一步完善商事留置權(quán)制度。在其適用上,應(yīng)出臺(tái)相應(yīng)的司法解釋來(lái)指導(dǎo)司法實(shí)踐,從而更好地維護(hù)交易安全和穩(wěn)定,促進(jìn)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮與發(fā)展,更好地維護(hù)商人的合法權(quán)益。本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,文章由六個(gè)部分組成。第一部分,對(duì)本文所選的廣州市明通運(yùn)輸有限公司與廣州鍋爐有限公司留置權(quán)糾紛上訴案和劉某與深圳市某物流有限公司財(cái)產(chǎn)損害賠償糾紛上訴案的案情進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。第二部分,對(duì)本文所選案例涉及的爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了概括,并由該爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)以及法院的判決引發(fā)了本文所要探討的問(wèn)題。第三部分,商事留置權(quán)概述。本部分主要包含三個(gè)方面:一是商事留置權(quán)的來(lái)源;二是對(duì)商事留置權(quán)的比較法考察;三是商事留置權(quán)的核心特征。第四部分,對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法中的商事留置權(quán)制度缺陷進(jìn)行了分析,主要探討了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法中商事留置權(quán)制度的不足之處,例如商事留置主體范圍的局限性、商事留置權(quán)的牽連關(guān)系的認(rèn)定模糊以及債權(quán)人對(duì)商事留置權(quán)的濫用。第五部分,商事留置權(quán)的法理追問(wèn),也包括三個(gè)方面:一是商事留置權(quán)的主體應(yīng)當(dāng)平等,主要是探討了企業(yè)作為商事留置權(quán)主體的爭(zhēng)議以及個(gè)體工商戶、農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營(yíng)戶等非企業(yè)商事主體也應(yīng)納入商事留置權(quán)的主體范圍;二是歸納概括了商事留置權(quán)制度所規(guī)制的行為的商事屬性:商事交易對(duì)象為生產(chǎn)資料、商事交易的頻繁性、商事交易的穩(wěn)定性、商事交易金額大、商事交易結(jié)算的滾動(dòng)性;三是簡(jiǎn)要分析了商事留置權(quán)的效率價(jià)值:商事交易的迅捷安全原則以及對(duì)于確立商事留置權(quán)制度的效率價(jià)值考量。第六部分,對(duì)我國(guó)商事留置權(quán)制度完善的設(shè)想。本部分在對(duì)前文進(jìn)行的分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從利益平衡視角出發(fā),提出了擴(kuò)大商事留置權(quán)的主體范圍、明確商事留置權(quán)牽連關(guān)系認(rèn)定以及規(guī)范商事留置權(quán)的行使范圍的完善建議,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)商事留置權(quán)制度的立法目的和制度價(jià)值,促進(jìn)商業(yè)的進(jìn)一步繁榮和安全高效發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Article 231 of the Property Law of China stipulates that "the movable property lien by the creditor shall belong to the same legal relationship with the creditor's right, except for the lien between enterprises." 1 By making an exception to the "same legal relationship" in the establishment of civil lien, this article establishes the legal basis of the commercial lien system in China. The greatest difference between civil lien and lien lies in the different requirements of the implication between the subject matter of lien and the creditor's right. The special provisions on the elements of the establishment of commercial lien make the degree and level of protection of civil subject and commercial subject unbalanced, which seems to run counter to the principle of equality and fairness in civil law, but this is mainly the case. It is determined by the particularity of commercial activities and has its inevitability of existence.Because the amount of the subject matter of commercial transactions is relatively large, and the transaction frequency is high, and the duration is long, it is difficult for the court to clarify which transaction conforms to the requirements of the "same legal relationship" from multiple transactions when disputes occur, so the establishment of commercial lien is conducive to commercial transactions. Safety, efficiency, smooth implementation and judicial practice are also the value functions of commercial lien. The high requirement of efficiency and security in commercial transactions determines that the conditions of occurrence of commercial lien have particularity and the scope of application should be enlarged accordingly. However, the legal provisions of commercial lien in our country are excessive. Therefore, a thorough study of the commercial lien system may be helpful to solve these problems. In legislation, we should further expand the applicable subject of commercial lien, clarify the determination of the relationship between commercial lien and regulate business. In its application, the corresponding judicial interpretation should be issued to guide the judicial practice, so as to better maintain the safety and stability of transactions, promote the prosperity and development of the national economy, and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of businessmen. The first part briefly introduces the case of lien disputes between Guangzhou Mingtong Transportation Company Limited and Guangzhou Boiler Company Limited and the case of property damage compensation disputes between Liu Mou and Shenzhen Logistics Company Limited. This part mainly includes three aspects: the origin of commercial lien; the comparative study of commercial lien; and the core characteristics of commercial lien. The fourth part, commercial lien in the current law of our country. This paper analyzes the defects of the system of commercial lien, mainly probes into the deficiencies of the system of commercial lien in the current law of our country, such as the limitation of the scope of the subject of commercial lien, the ambiguity of the cognizance of the relationship between commercial lien and the abuse of commercial lien by creditors. Firstly, the subject of commercial lien should be equal, mainly discussing the disputes of enterprises as the subject of commercial lien and individual industrial and commercial households, rural contractual operators and other non-enterprise commercial subjects should also be included in the scope of the subject of commercial lien; secondly, it summarizes the commercial attributes of the acts regulated by the commercial lien system. The object of commercial transactions is the means of production, the frequency of commercial transactions, the stability of commercial transactions, the large amount of commercial transactions, and the rolling nature of commercial transactions settlement; the third is a brief analysis of the efficiency value of commercial lien: the principle of rapid security of commercial transactions and the consideration of the efficiency value of establishing the commercial lien system. On the basis of the analysis of the preceding part and from the angle of interest balance, this part puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the scope of the subject of the commercial lien, clarifying the identification of the implicated relationship of the commercial lien and standardizing the scope of the exercise of the commercial lien in order to realize the commercial lien system. Legislative purpose and system value promote further prosperity and safe and efficient development of Commerce.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.2
本文編號(hào)：2178770
[Abstract]:Article 231 of the Property Law of China stipulates that "the movable property lien by the creditor shall belong to the same legal relationship with the creditor's right, except for the lien between enterprises." 1 By making an exception to the "same legal relationship" in the establishment of civil lien, this article establishes the legal basis of the commercial lien system in China. The greatest difference between civil lien and lien lies in the different requirements of the implication between the subject matter of lien and the creditor's right. The special provisions on the elements of the establishment of commercial lien make the degree and level of protection of civil subject and commercial subject unbalanced, which seems to run counter to the principle of equality and fairness in civil law, but this is mainly the case. It is determined by the particularity of commercial activities and has its inevitability of existence.Because the amount of the subject matter of commercial transactions is relatively large, and the transaction frequency is high, and the duration is long, it is difficult for the court to clarify which transaction conforms to the requirements of the "same legal relationship" from multiple transactions when disputes occur, so the establishment of commercial lien is conducive to commercial transactions. Safety, efficiency, smooth implementation and judicial practice are also the value functions of commercial lien. The high requirement of efficiency and security in commercial transactions determines that the conditions of occurrence of commercial lien have particularity and the scope of application should be enlarged accordingly. However, the legal provisions of commercial lien in our country are excessive. Therefore, a thorough study of the commercial lien system may be helpful to solve these problems. In legislation, we should further expand the applicable subject of commercial lien, clarify the determination of the relationship between commercial lien and regulate business. In its application, the corresponding judicial interpretation should be issued to guide the judicial practice, so as to better maintain the safety and stability of transactions, promote the prosperity and development of the national economy, and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of businessmen. The first part briefly introduces the case of lien disputes between Guangzhou Mingtong Transportation Company Limited and Guangzhou Boiler Company Limited and the case of property damage compensation disputes between Liu Mou and Shenzhen Logistics Company Limited. This part mainly includes three aspects: the origin of commercial lien; the comparative study of commercial lien; and the core characteristics of commercial lien. The fourth part, commercial lien in the current law of our country. This paper analyzes the defects of the system of commercial lien, mainly probes into the deficiencies of the system of commercial lien in the current law of our country, such as the limitation of the scope of the subject of commercial lien, the ambiguity of the cognizance of the relationship between commercial lien and the abuse of commercial lien by creditors. Firstly, the subject of commercial lien should be equal, mainly discussing the disputes of enterprises as the subject of commercial lien and individual industrial and commercial households, rural contractual operators and other non-enterprise commercial subjects should also be included in the scope of the subject of commercial lien; secondly, it summarizes the commercial attributes of the acts regulated by the commercial lien system. The object of commercial transactions is the means of production, the frequency of commercial transactions, the stability of commercial transactions, the large amount of commercial transactions, and the rolling nature of commercial transactions settlement; the third is a brief analysis of the efficiency value of commercial lien: the principle of rapid security of commercial transactions and the consideration of the efficiency value of establishing the commercial lien system. On the basis of the analysis of the preceding part and from the angle of interest balance, this part puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the scope of the subject of the commercial lien, clarifying the identification of the implicated relationship of the commercial lien and standardizing the scope of the exercise of the commercial lien in order to realize the commercial lien system. Legislative purpose and system value promote further prosperity and safe and efficient development of Commerce.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.2
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