發(fā)布時間：2018-07-03 03:13

  本文選題：六軸半掛汽車列車 + 平順性��； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“互聯網+”時代下,物流運輸得以快速發(fā)展。但是,國內在綜合運輸體系建設上仍需要繼續(xù)改進,作為提升物流效率、降低物流成本的有效途徑,多聯式運輸是推進綜合運輸體系的重要內容。公路運輸需要與其他運輸方式銜接,半掛汽車列車在集中化、高效化運輸方面的優(yōu)勢能夠得以充分發(fā)揮。長途運輸過程中,六軸半掛汽車列車是目前半掛汽車列車的典型車型,路面激勵帶來的振動和沖擊在影響平順性的同時,也會引起車輪動載的波動,對路面造成破壞。因此,需要對六軸半掛汽車列車的平順性和道路友好性進行研究。目前,六軸半掛汽車列車平順性與道路友好性已經展開了一些研究,但仍然存在一些不足,振動模型的研究,沒有充分體現實際應用中用于改進平順性和道路友好性的結構特性,少有針對六軸半掛汽車列車平順性和道路友好性的綜合研究及其多目標優(yōu)化方案的對比分析研究。在考慮半掛汽車列車結構特點的基礎上,本文建立了六軸半掛汽車列車的簡化模型,研究了平順性振動響應量的統計特性和道路友好性評價指標的推導計算過程,分析了不同參數對平順性與道路友好性造成的影響。通過對六軸半掛汽車列車平順性和道路友好性進行靈敏度分析,實現六軸半掛汽車列車平順性和道路友好性的多目標優(yōu)化,對比分析了不同的優(yōu)化方案,對六軸半掛汽車列車的匹配和改進有重要的指導意義。本文的具體內容如下(1)根據相應簡化假設,保留了能夠反映六軸半掛汽車列車振動性能的主要部件,建立了其振動平面力學模型。通過拉格朗日方程獲得了其振動數學模型的矩陣表達形式,求取了靜止狀態(tài)下半掛車主要承載部件的載荷,基于前輪路面激勵的統計特性,確定了模型、主要加速度和主要承載部件的相對動載和動撓度對前輪的頻響函數,獲得了各振動響應量的統計特性,分析了不同車速和不同路面等級下各振動響應量的頻率特性和速度特性,研究了牽引車與半掛車參數組合對平順性評價指標的影響。(2)總結了常用的四種道路友好性評價指標,簡要描述了相應評價指標的表達形式,從頻域對理論道路破壞系數進行推導。提出了基于六軸半掛汽車列車振動平面模型的四種道路友好性評價指標的仿真算法,開發(fā)了仿真程序。分析了不同路面等級下六軸半掛汽車列車道路友好性的車速特性,選取能夠綜合描述整車對路面造成破壞的道路損傷系數和理論道路破壞系數,作為六軸半掛汽車列車道路友好性的主要評價指標,研究了牽引車和半掛車懸架參數組合對道路友好性的影響。(3)基于多學科優(yōu)化軟件平臺Isight,利用最優(yōu)拉丁超立方試驗設計方法對六軸半掛汽車列車平順性和道路友好性進行參數靈敏度分析,得到了影響較大的因素,結合實際情況,選取合適的參數,利用鄰域培植多目標遺傳優(yōu)化算法分別進行平順性、道路友好性、平順性和道路友好性綜合性能的多目標優(yōu)化。根據相應規(guī)則選取不同的優(yōu)化方案,對其優(yōu)化結果進行了對比分析。使用條形圖和雷達圖來分析各評價指標在不同優(yōu)化方案下的變化情況,進行權衡選擇。研究結果表明,在常用行駛車速范圍內,選取的優(yōu)化方案,平順性和道路友好性的各項評價指標也都能夠得到較好的優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:In the era of "Internet +", logistics transportation is developing rapidly. However, the domestic transportation system construction still needs to be improved. As an effective way to improve the logistics efficiency and reduce the logistics cost, multi type transportation is an important content to promote the comprehensive transportation system. In the process of long-distance transportation, the six axle and semi-trailer train is the typical model of the semi-trailer. The vibration and shock caused by the pavement excitation will also cause the fluctuation of the wheel dynamic load and damage the road. Therefore, it is necessary for the train to destroy the road. The ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle and semi-trailer trains are studied. At present, some research has been carried out on the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer trains, but there are still some shortcomings. The study of the vibration model does not fully reflect the structural characteristics that are used to improve the ride comfort and road friendliness in the practical application, and there are few of them. In view of the comprehensive study of the ride comfort and road friendliness of six axle semi-trailer trains and the comparison and analysis of the multi-objective optimization scheme, the simplified model of the six axle semi-trailer train is established on the basis of the characteristics of the semi-trailer train structure. The statistical characteristics of the ride comfort response and the evaluation of the road friendliness are studied. The influence of the different parameters on the ride comfort and the road friendliness is analyzed. Through the sensitivity analysis of the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train, the multi objective optimization of the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer trains is realized, and the different optimization schemes are compared and analyzed, to six. The matching and improvement of axle semi-trailer train have important guiding significance. The specific contents of this paper are as follows (1) according to the corresponding simplified hypothesis, the main components that can reflect the vibration performance of the six axle semi-trailer train are retained, and the vibration plane mechanics model is established. The matrix expression of the mathematical model of the vibration is obtained through the Lagrange equation. In the form, the load of the main bearing parts of the semitrailer under the static state is obtained. Based on the statistical characteristics of the front wheel road surface excitation, the model, the relative dynamic load and the dynamic deflection of the main bearing parts are determined, and the characteristics of the vibration response are obtained, and the different speed and the different pavement grade are analyzed. The frequency characteristics and speed characteristics of the vibration responses are studied. The influence of the parameters combination of the tractor and semi trailer on the evaluation index of the ride comfort is studied. (2) the commonly used evaluation indexes of four kinds of road friendliness are summarized, and the expression forms of the corresponding evaluation indexes are briefly described, and the theoretical road damage coefficients are derived from the frequency domain. Six The simulation algorithm of four kinds of road friendliness evaluation indexes of axle semi-trailer train vibration plane model is developed, and the simulation program is developed. The speed characteristics of the road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train under different pavement grades are analyzed, and the road damage coefficient and the theoretical road damage coefficient can be synthetically described. As the main evaluation index of road friendliness of six axle semi-trailer train, the influence of the combination of tractor and semi-trailer suspension parameters on road friendliness is studied. (3) based on the multidisciplinary optimization software platform Isight, the optimal Latin hypercube test design method is used for the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train. With the sensitivity analysis, the factors which have great influence are obtained. According to the actual situation, the suitable parameters are selected and the multi-objective optimization of the comprehensive performance of road friendliness, smoothness and road friendliness is carried out by the neighborhood cultivation multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm. Different optimization schemes are selected according to the corresponding rules, and the optimization results are carried out. The paper uses bar chart and radar chart to analyze the changes of each evaluation index under different optimization schemes and make a trade-off choice. The results show that the optimization scheme, the smoothness and the road friendliness can be better optimized in the range of common driving speed.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U461.4;U469.53

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本文編號：2092141