本文選題：家庭過期藥品 + 回收　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,我國(guó)家庭過期藥品的總量也在不斷增長(zhǎng),這些藥品往往被隨意處置,不僅對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了極大的破壞,更嚴(yán)重威脅著公眾用藥安全。因此,對(duì)家庭過期藥品進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一回收和科學(xué)處置日益引起各級(jí)政府的高度重視和社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注,成為逆向物流研究領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要課題。我國(guó)家庭過期藥品的回收工作尚處于起步和摸索階段,目前主要的回收模式有兩種,即政府主導(dǎo)回收模式和醫(yī)藥企業(yè)自發(fā)回收模式。從現(xiàn)實(shí)情況來看,由于過期藥品回收工作無直接經(jīng)濟(jì)利益可圖,高昂的回收和銷毀費(fèi)用致使企業(yè)自發(fā)回收動(dòng)力不足,目前我國(guó)只有少數(shù)大型制藥企業(yè)在特定時(shí)間和范圍內(nèi)開展,無法長(zhǎng)期保障。同時(shí),企業(yè)自發(fā)回收模式也存在著政府監(jiān)管困難、藥品外泄風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大、回收面窄、群眾信任度不高等種種局限性。因而在現(xiàn)階段,由政府主導(dǎo)家庭過期藥品的回收工作不僅是必要的,也是迫切的。2003年以來,隨著對(duì)過期藥品危害認(rèn)識(shí)的逐漸深入,我國(guó)很多地方政府都主導(dǎo)開展了家庭過期藥品回收活動(dòng),在回收制度完善、回收點(diǎn)建設(shè)等方面取得了較為顯著的工作成績(jī)。但不得不認(rèn)識(shí)到,居民參與積極性較差、藥品回收率過低仍是制約我國(guó)家庭過期藥品回收工作良好持續(xù)發(fā)展最主要的因素。因此,研究并制定切實(shí)有效的激勵(lì)策略、調(diào)動(dòng)居民回收積極性和主動(dòng)性是當(dāng)前政府開展家庭過期藥品回收工作面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。本文首先從理論基礎(chǔ)與現(xiàn)實(shí)因素兩個(gè)層面論證了現(xiàn)階段政府主導(dǎo)家庭過期藥品回收的必要性,之后深入分析了該模式下家庭過期藥品回收實(shí)際運(yùn)作情況。通過調(diào)查問卷的形式展開實(shí)證調(diào)研,指出回收便利性、回收點(diǎn)服務(wù)水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、個(gè)體環(huán)保健康意識(shí)與知識(shí)水平是當(dāng)前影響居民參與過期藥品回收活動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵因素,并針對(duì)這些因素,對(duì)政府可采取的激勵(lì)策略及其作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行了理論分析,明確了政府今后回收策略設(shè)計(jì)的著眼點(diǎn)和著力點(diǎn)。同時(shí),考慮到家庭過期藥品回收系統(tǒng)包含眾多要素,各要素之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)、相互作用,形成了復(fù)雜的多重反饋結(jié)構(gòu),使得單憑主觀認(rèn)識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷來分析各項(xiàng)激勵(lì)策略的實(shí)施效果非常困難,因而本文將系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)——這一被譽(yù)為"戰(zhàn)略與決策實(shí)驗(yàn)室"的建模仿真方法引入到家庭過期藥品回收領(lǐng)域,在綜合分析系統(tǒng)各要素間反饋關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建出規(guī)范、量化的系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并將模型應(yīng)用于實(shí)際案例,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)回收系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀況的動(dòng)態(tài)模擬和政策仿真,從而直觀地考察了不同回收激勵(lì)策略的實(shí)施效果,為政府制定更優(yōu)的回收方案提供了對(duì)策建議與方法支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the total amount of expired drugs in our family is also increasing. These drugs are often disposed of at will, which not only caused great damage to the ecological environment, but also seriously threatened the safety of the public medication. Therefore, the unified recovery and scientific disposal of expired drugs in the family have attracted more and more attention from governments at all levels and wide attention from all walks of life, and have become an important subject in the research field of reverse logistics. The recovery of expired drugs in China is still at the beginning and groping stage. At present, there are two main modes of recovery, that is, government-led recovery mode and spontaneous recovery mode in pharmaceutical enterprises. In reality, because there is no direct economic benefit for the recovery of expired drugs, the high cost of recovery and destruction causes the enterprises to have insufficient motivation for spontaneous recovery. At present, only a few large pharmaceutical enterprises in our country are developing within a specific time and scope. There is no long-term guarantee. At the same time, the spontaneous recovery model of enterprises also has many limitations, such as government supervision difficulties, large risk of drug leakage, narrow recovery area and low trust degree of the masses. Therefore, at the present stage, it is not only necessary but also urgent for the government to lead the recovery of expired drugs in households. Since 2003, with the deepening of the understanding of the harm of expired drugs, Many local governments in China have led the activities of family recovery of expired drugs, and have made remarkable achievements in the aspects of perfect recovery system and construction of recovery sites. However, it has to be recognized that the poor participation enthusiasm of residents and the low recovery rate of drugs are still the main factors restricting the good and sustainable development of the family recovery of expired drugs in China. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the government to study and formulate effective incentive strategies and arouse the residents' recovery enthusiasm and initiative. In this paper, the necessity of the recovery of expired drugs in households led by the government at present is demonstrated from the two aspects of theoretical basis and practical factors, and then the actual operation of the recovery of expired drugs in households under this model is analyzed in depth. Through the empirical investigation in the form of questionnaire, it is pointed out that the convenience of recovery, the service level of recovery point, the economic factors, the awareness of individual environmental protection and health and the level of knowledge are the key factors that affect the residents' participation in the recovery of expired drugs. Aiming at these factors, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the incentive strategy and its action mechanism, and clarifies the starting point and the focus of the government's reclaim strategy design in the future. Considering, at the same time, that the family recovery system for expired drugs contains many elements, each of which is interrelated and interacts, resulting in a complex multi-feedback structure, It is very difficult to analyze the effect of each incentive strategy based on subjective knowledge and experience judgment. Therefore, this paper introduces the modeling and simulation method of system dynamics, known as "strategy and decision laboratory", into the field of household expired drug recovery. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the feedback relationship among the elements of the system, the criterion is constructed. The quantitative system dynamics model is applied to the actual case to realize the dynamic simulation and policy simulation of the actual recovery system, so the effect of different recovery incentive strategy is investigated intuitively. It provides the countermeasure suggestion and method support for the government to make a better recovery scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R95

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