本文選題：石化企業(yè) + 煉廠　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著整個(gè)社會(huì)對(duì)能源問題的日益關(guān)注,如何提高石化企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理效率,同時(shí)降低生產(chǎn)成本和能耗,已成為企業(yè)亟待解決的問題。能量系統(tǒng)作為石化企業(yè)的能源產(chǎn)耗核心系統(tǒng),其運(yùn)行優(yōu)化不僅可以提高企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,同時(shí)也能促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)過程節(jié)能降耗。然而,目前學(xué)術(shù)界和工程界對(duì)石化企業(yè)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃優(yōu)化的研究主要從物流方面展開,對(duì)能量系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行優(yōu)化,尤其是在生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃中兼顧能量系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的研究與應(yīng)用還較少。本文首先回顧了國(guó)內(nèi)外石化企業(yè)以物流為主的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃研究現(xiàn)狀和能量系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行優(yōu)化進(jìn)展,根據(jù)石化企業(yè)工藝生產(chǎn)的實(shí)際情況,按照空間和生產(chǎn)流程分解,以煉廠和乙烯廠為典型對(duì)象,分別構(gòu)建集成工藝操作條件的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃非線性優(yōu)化模型,能量系統(tǒng)多周期混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃(Mixed-integer programming, MILP)運(yùn)行優(yōu)化模型。以此為基礎(chǔ),建立集成煉廠生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)與能量系統(tǒng)的混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃(Mixed-integer nonlinear programming, MINLP)模型,集成能耗和工藝條件的乙烯廠計(jì)劃優(yōu)化模型,以及集成上游煉廠與下游乙烯廠的多周期生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃模型。通過對(duì)多系統(tǒng)集成優(yōu)化進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)而深入的研究,說明未來石化企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)多介質(zhì)多系統(tǒng)多周期集成優(yōu)化的必要性與可行性。本文的主要內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下：1)針對(duì)目前煉油企業(yè)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)操作脫離較大的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,根據(jù)煉油廠的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)情況,采用數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃方法,在裝置物料平衡模型中引入可變產(chǎn)率約束條件,建立集成常減壓裝置(Crude oil Distillation Unit, CDU))切割溫度和催化裂化裝置(Fluid Catalytic Cracker, FCC)轉(zhuǎn)化率的非線性規(guī)劃模型。提出基于物料質(zhì)量平衡和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量指標(biāo)約束的集成優(yōu)化框架,優(yōu)化求解確定具體的裝置操作條件,提高煉廠生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃的可執(zhí)行度。2)提出石化企業(yè)能量系統(tǒng)各類產(chǎn)耗能設(shè)備的通用建模方法,構(gòu)建能源量系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行優(yōu)化框架,采用數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃法思想,引入分段線性(piecewise linear)方法對(duì)鍋爐、透平等重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)能設(shè)備進(jìn)行線性回歸建模。通過混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃數(shù)學(xué)模型來描述蒸汽動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀況,從物料傳遞、能量平衡、環(huán)境影響三方面建立石化企業(yè)能量系統(tǒng)多周期運(yùn)行優(yōu)化模型,為石化企業(yè)能量系統(tǒng)的操作優(yōu)化,以及接下來與物流系統(tǒng)的集成提供建模基礎(chǔ)。3)通過分析煉廠生產(chǎn)工藝特點(diǎn),提出物流與能流系統(tǒng)的耦合建模方法,在考慮能源供需平衡、生產(chǎn)單元能耗核算與環(huán)境影響的前提下,建立系統(tǒng)間物料與能源多周期質(zhì)量平衡約束模型,關(guān)聯(lián)負(fù)荷與操作方案的生產(chǎn)裝置能產(chǎn)能耗核算模型,以及耦合調(diào)和物性和鍋爐燃料消耗的物性傳遞模型。從而構(gòu)建面向煉廠節(jié)能減排的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃模型,通過對(duì)多場(chǎng)景案例驗(yàn)證,為企業(yè)的高效生產(chǎn)與節(jié)能減排提供優(yōu)化決策支持。4)針對(duì)集成物流與能流的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃模型復(fù)雜度高與求解時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等問題,提出一種基于啟發(fā)式的模型分解策略,引入傳統(tǒng)序列分步優(yōu)化策略確定模型尋優(yōu)起始點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)生產(chǎn)工藝與耦合模型的非凸性分析,對(duì)模型雙線性約束進(jìn)行松弛。將原集成混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃模型分解為一個(gè)混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型和一個(gè)非線性模型,并迭代求解,通過多場(chǎng)景案例說明算法的實(shí)用性。5)針對(duì)目前乙烯生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃優(yōu)化中,對(duì)能源產(chǎn)耗與工藝條件影響考慮不足的現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建集成爐管出口溫度(Coil outlet temperature,結(jié)焦深度等核心工藝條件的裂解爐半機(jī)理非線性產(chǎn)率模型和能源產(chǎn)耗模型。通過分析乙烯生產(chǎn)過程中各單元工藝特點(diǎn),建立集成過程操作和能耗的乙烯裝置多周期混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃模型。以某真實(shí)化工廠為例,分析集成模型的優(yōu)化結(jié)果,包括裝置物流走向、能源產(chǎn)耗計(jì)劃、設(shè)備運(yùn)行負(fù)荷與組合以及蒸汽供需平衡,驗(yàn)證模型實(shí)效性。6)從石化企業(yè)上下游生產(chǎn)物料和庫(kù)存平衡,以及生產(chǎn)與能量系統(tǒng)間的能源產(chǎn)耗平衡角度,分析煉廠與乙烯裝置間物料與能源工藝耦合關(guān)系,建立石化企業(yè)多系統(tǒng)集成的混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃模型。基于煉廠和乙烯裝置的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量平衡與能源供需平衡特點(diǎn),采用拉格朗日分解算法將原集成模型分解為一個(gè)非線性規(guī)劃煉廠模型,一個(gè)混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃乙烯廠模型和一個(gè)混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃能量系統(tǒng)模型。通過迭代求解,從整個(gè)企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層面,同時(shí)完成煉廠生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃優(yōu)化、乙烯裝置調(diào)度、中間產(chǎn)品庫(kù)存管理和能量系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行優(yōu)化。通過實(shí)際案例確定該集成模型與算法的有效性,突出該集成模型在提高生產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)空間與物料利用率方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。7)本研究提出的多系統(tǒng)集成建模框架,立足于石化生產(chǎn)工藝特點(diǎn),基于國(guó)內(nèi)某大型石化企業(yè)中的煉油廠和化工廠生產(chǎn)流程,建立能源設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)工藝通用數(shù)學(xué)模型,可組合為面向煉廠或乙烯廠的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃模型,為企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)集成建模奠定了基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)與能量系統(tǒng)的集成優(yōu)化,深化了生產(chǎn)過程中物流與能流關(guān)系,提高了企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和能效。
[Abstract]:With the increasing attention of the whole society to the energy problem, how to improve the production and management efficiency of petrochemical enterprises and reduce the cost of production and energy consumption has become an urgent problem for the enterprises. As the core system of energy production in petrochemical enterprises, the energy system can not only improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise, but also promote the economic efficiency of the enterprise. However, at present, the research on the optimization of production planning for petrochemical enterprises is mainly from the logistics, and the research and application of the optimization of the energy system, especially the optimization of the energy system in the production plan, is still less. This paper first reviews the logistics mainly in the petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. The research status of production planning and the optimization progress of energy system operation are made. According to the actual situation of process production in petrochemical enterprises, according to the decomposition of space and production process, and taking refineries and ethylene plants as the typical objects, the production planning nonlinear optimization model of integrated process operation conditions is constructed respectively, and the multi cycle mixed integer linear programming of energy system (Mixed -integer programming, MILP) operation optimization model. Based on this, the integrated integer nonlinear programming (Mixed-integer nonlinear programming, MINLP) model of integrated refinery production system and energy system, the integrated energy consumption and technological conditions of the ethylene plant planning optimization model, and the integration of the upstream refinery and the downstream ethylene plant are integrated. In order to illustrate the necessity and feasibility of the future petrochemical enterprises to realize multi-media multi system and multi cycle integrated optimization, the main contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows: 1) in view of the large application of the production plan and the actual production operation of the present refinery enterprises. According to the actual production situation of the refinery, the nonlinear programming model of the cutting temperature and the conversion rate of the catalytic cracking unit (Fluid Catalytic Cracker, FCC) is established by using the mathematical programming method and introducing the variable yield constraint conditions in the device material balance model to establish the nonlinear programming model of the conversion rate of the catalytic cracking unit (Fluid Catalytic Cracker, FCC). The integrated optimization framework of material quality balance and product quality index constraints is used to optimize the solution and determine the specific operating conditions and improve the executable degree of the refinery production plan (.2). The general modeling method of all kinds of energy consumption equipment in the energy system of petrochemical enterprises is put forward, and the optimization framework of the energy system operation is constructed, and the idea of mathematical programming is adopted. The piecewise linear (piecewise linear) method is introduced to model the linear regression model of the key production equipment, such as boiler and turbine. Through the mixed integer linear programming mathematical model, the operation status of the steam power system is described, and the multi cycle operation optimization model of the petrochemical enterprise energy system is built from three aspects of material transfer, energy balance and environmental impact. In order to optimize the operation of energy system in petrochemical enterprises and provide modeling basis for the integration of the logistics system, the coupling modeling method of logistics and energy flow system is proposed by analyzing the process characteristics of refinery production. The material and energy of the system are established on the premise of considering the balance of energy supply and demand, the energy consumption accounting and the environmental impact of the production unit, based on the analysis of the process characteristics of the refinery production process. The multi cycle quality balance constraint model, the production capacity calculation model of the associated load and the operation scheme, and the physical property transfer model coupled with the harmonization and the fuel consumption of the boiler, the production planning model for the energy saving and emission reduction of the refinery is constructed, and the efficient production and energy saving and emission reduction of the enterprises are proposed by the multi scene case verification. For the optimization decision support (.4), a model decomposition strategy based on the heuristic is proposed to determine the starting point of the model optimization based on the heuristic based optimization strategy. The model bilinear model is analyzed by the non convexity analysis of the production process and the coupling model. Constraints are relaxed. The original integrated mixed integer nonlinear programming model is decomposed into a mixed integer linear programming model and a nonlinear model, and iterative solution is used to illustrate the practicability of the algorithm through multiple scenario cases.5). In view of the current ethylene production planning optimization, the shortage of energy consumption and technological conditions is considered. The semi mechanism nonlinear yield model and energy production model of the cracking furnace with integrated furnace tube outlet temperature (Coil outlet temperature, coking depth and other core process conditions) are built. By analyzing the technological characteristics of each unit in the production process of ethylene, a multi period mixed integer nonlinear programming model of the integrated process operation and energy consumption is set up. A real chemical factory is used as an example to analyze the optimization results of integrated model, including the trend of equipment logistics, energy production plan, equipment operation load and combination and steam supply and demand balance, verification model effectiveness.6) from the balance of production materials and inventory in the upstream and downstream of petrochemical enterprises, and the balance of energy production and energy consumption in the production and energy system. A hybrid integer nonlinear programming model for multi system integration of petrochemical enterprises is established. Based on the product quality balance and energy supply balance of the refinery and ethylene plant, the Lagrange decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the original integrated model into a nonlinear programming refinery model. Mixed integer nonlinear programming ethylene plant model and a mixed integer linear programming energy system model. Through iterative solution, the refinery production planning optimization, ethylene plant scheduling, intermediate product inventory management and energy system operation optimization are completed from the whole enterprise network level. The integrated model and algorithm are determined through practical cases. The effectiveness of the integrated model in improving production profit space and material utilization ratio.7) the multi system integrated modeling framework proposed in this study is based on the characteristics of petrochemical production technology. Based on the production flow of a refinery and chemical plant in a large petrochemical enterprise in China, a general mathematical model of energy equipment and production process is established. It can be combined into a production planning model for refinery or ethe plant, which lays the foundation for the integrated modeling of enterprise production and operation. At the same time, the integration and optimization of the production system and the energy system deepens the relationship between the logistics and energy flow in the production process, and improves the economic efficiency and energy efficiency of the enterprise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TE65;TQ221.211
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本文編號(hào)：2016883