本文選題：射頻識(shí)別　切入點(diǎn)：室內(nèi)定位　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著信息科學(xué)技術(shù)特別是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械奈锛饾u成為信息的載體,如何對物件進(jìn)行有效的監(jiān)控與管理成為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題。與傳統(tǒng)的條形碼、二維碼等條碼識(shí)別技術(shù)相比,射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)(RFID)具有標(biāo)簽體積小、非接觸、抗污損、批量識(shí)別等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在物流業(yè)、制造業(yè)、零售業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等諸多領(lǐng)域具有良好的應(yīng)用前景,正逐漸受到人們的青睞。由于定位環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性,RFID技術(shù)在室內(nèi)定位領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用充滿了困難與挑戰(zhàn),目前還沒有成熟穩(wěn)定、面向應(yīng)用的定位系統(tǒng)提出。論文通過研究RFID室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和RFID手持機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),提出了兩種RFID室內(nèi)定位算法,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種RFID定位手持機(jī)系統(tǒng)。論文主要研究成果包括:對現(xiàn)有RFID室內(nèi)定位算法進(jìn)行深入研究,并從時(shí)域和空域兩個(gè)角度,提出了兩種基于相位差的RFID室內(nèi)定位算法。首先介紹了使用IQ解調(diào)法獲取相位的方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,先提出了一種基于頻率相位差的定位算法,給出了詳細(xì)的公式推導(dǎo)步驟,并介紹了最小二乘法和卡爾曼濾波法兩種誤差處理方法。此外,還提出了一種基于全息圖譜的空域相位差定位算法,并詳細(xì)介紹了全息圖譜的產(chǎn)生及利用空域相位差進(jìn)行定位的方法。針對所提出的兩種定位算法,建立RFID室內(nèi)定位實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境,對定位算法進(jìn)行實(shí)測驗(yàn)證。首先詳細(xì)闡述了實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境的各組成部分,并給出具體實(shí)驗(yàn)流程。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,基于全息圖譜空域相位差的定位方法起到了更好的定位效果。分析了造成誤差的潛在因素,并提出改進(jìn)方案。設(shè)計(jì)了一種支持RFID定位的手持機(jī)系統(tǒng)。結(jié)合性能、功耗、開發(fā)成本等因素,先進(jìn)行手持機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)及處理器選型。再根據(jù)具體需求,給出手持機(jī)系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。并以全息圖譜空域相位差定位算法為模型,從Compact 7操作系統(tǒng)移植、閱讀器驅(qū)動(dòng)開發(fā)、Bootloader移植等方面,介紹了手持機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,并給出手持機(jī)定位程序的設(shè)計(jì)方案。最后,以全息圖譜空域相位差定位算法為例,介紹了RFID定位手持機(jī)的應(yīng)用流程。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information science and technology, especially the Internet of things, the objects in people's daily life are gradually becoming the carrier of information. How to effectively monitor and manage objects has become the focus of attention in the field of Internet of things. Compared with the traditional barcode identification technology, such as barcode and two-dimensional code, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has small size, non-contact, anti-fouling, etc. Batch identification and other advantages, in the logistics industry, manufacturing, retail, animal husbandry and other fields have a good application prospects, Because of the complexity of location environment, RFID technology is full of difficulties and challenges in the field of indoor positioning, so it is not mature and stable. Based on the research of RFID indoor positioning technology and the key technology of RFID handheld system design, two RFID indoor positioning algorithms are proposed in this paper. A RFID positioning handset system is designed. The main research results are as follows: deep research on the existing RFID indoor positioning algorithm, and from the perspective of time domain and spatial domain, In this paper, two RFID indoor positioning algorithms based on phase difference are proposed. Firstly, the method of obtaining phase by IQ demodulation is introduced. On this basis, a new algorithm based on frequency phase difference is proposed, and the detailed formula derivation steps are given. Two kinds of error processing methods, least square method and Kalman filter method, are introduced. In addition, a phase difference location algorithm based on hologram is proposed. The generation of the hologram and the method of locating by using the spatial phase difference are introduced in detail. Aiming at the two localization algorithms proposed, the indoor location experimental environment of RFID is established. Firstly, the components of the experimental environment are described in detail, and the specific experimental flow is given. The experimental results show that, The positioning method based on the spatial phase difference of hologram has a better localization effect. The potential factors causing errors are analyzed, and an improved scheme is put forward. A handheld system supporting RFID positioning is designed, which combines performance and power consumption. Based on the development cost and other factors, the handset operating system and processor are selected first. Then, according to the specific requirements, the overall structure of the handset system is given, and the hologram spatial phase difference location algorithm is used as the model, which is transplanted from the Compact 7 operating system. In this paper, the software design of handheld system is introduced, and the design scheme of handheld positioning program is given. Finally, the hologram spatial phase difference location algorithm is taken as an example. The application flow of RFID positioning handset is introduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.44
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本文編號(hào)：1686608