本文選題：分形理論　切入點：景觀斑塊　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：運用分形理論,采用網(wǎng)格法作為基本尺度測度方法,選擇云南紅河縣規(guī)普村作為研究區(qū),選取表征景觀組分形狀特征參數(shù)分維數(shù)(D)作為主要指標(biāo),對研究區(qū)域不同尺度下的景觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征、斑塊密度、景觀組分?jǐn)?shù)量、景觀相對頻率、平均分維數(shù)、穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析研究。從景觀格局的角度(斑塊-廊道-基質(zhì)模式)初步探討了研究區(qū)景觀組分空間分布特征及尺度效應(yīng)規(guī)律,為研究區(qū)景觀組分管理,獨特生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的保護(hù)和維持提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù),研究結(jié)果表明:(1)從景觀組分結(jié)構(gòu)特征來看,面積最大的景觀組分為灌木林地(41.23%),在景觀結(jié)構(gòu)中起基質(zhì)的作用,連通性最好,在景觀功能上起著重要作用,影響著研究區(qū)能流、物流和物種流,是研究區(qū)高原型立體氣候的反映,在整體上對景觀動態(tài)起控制作用。在引入型的斑塊中,水田面積最大(18.50%),體現(xiàn)了研究區(qū)的梯田景觀特色。水田的斑塊個數(shù)最多;河流水面為廊道。(2)研究區(qū)域觀測尺度(粒度)分別從4000m、2000m、1333m、1000m、800m、667m遞減變化,隨研究區(qū)觀測尺度(粒度)逐漸減小的過程中,斑塊數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增加趨勢。其中灌木林地、水田、旱地、其他草地、有林地等斑塊類型對觀測尺度變化的響應(yīng)程度較明顯;茶園、裸地、河流水面、農(nóng)村居民點對尺度變化的響應(yīng)不明顯,曲線呈現(xiàn)出相對平穩(wěn)的趨勢。(3)除了基質(zhì)(灌木林地)的相對頻率不隨尺度的變化而變化外,其余景觀組分的相對頻率均隨尺度的變小而減小。基質(zhì)灌木林地在現(xiàn)有的五種觀測尺度下,相對頻率均為100%,空間分布廣泛,數(shù)量上也占優(yōu)勢,它對于水田、旱地起到積極地保護(hù)作用。(4)隨研究區(qū)觀測尺度(粒度)逐漸減小的過程中,平均分維數(shù)(D)呈現(xiàn)出逐漸遞減趨勢。各景觀組分平均分維數(shù)(D)介于1.029-1.959;其中廊道(河流水面)形狀最復(fù)雜,對尺度變化的響應(yīng)較為明顯,基質(zhì)(灌木林地)和主要斑塊對不同尺度變化的響應(yīng)程度相似。隨著尺度的減小,景觀組分和景觀結(jié)構(gòu)均具有相似性增強(qiáng),趨于簡單的尺度效應(yīng)。景觀組分分維數(shù)受尺度影響呈中小度變異;景觀斑塊數(shù)量受尺度影響呈中度變異,斑塊數(shù)量比景觀組分分維數(shù)受尺度影響更顯著。(5)隨著觀測尺度(粒度)逐漸遞減,各景觀斑塊穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)(SI)整體呈現(xiàn)出逐漸遞增的趨勢;農(nóng)村居民點穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)最大。
[Abstract]:Using fractal theory and mesh method as the basic scale measure method, the paper selects Gepu Village of Honghe County in Yunnan Province as the study area, and selects fractal dimension (D), which represents the characteristic parameter of landscape component shape, as the main index. The characteristics of landscape structure, patch density, landscape component number, landscape relative frequency, average fractal dimension of different scales in the study area were analyzed. From the view of landscape pattern (patch-corridor-matrix model), the spatial distribution characteristics and scale effect of landscape components in the study area were discussed. The conservation and maintenance of unique ecosystem stability provide an important scientific basis. The results show that the largest landscape component in terms of the structural characteristics of the landscape components is the shrubbery land (41.2335), which acts as a matrix in the landscape structure. Connectivity is the best, plays an important role in landscape function, affects energy flow, logistics and species flow in the study area, is the reflection of the plateau stereoscopic climate in the study area, and controls the landscape dynamics as a whole. The largest area of paddy field is 18.50, which reflects the terrace landscape characteristics of the study area. The number of patches in paddy field is the largest. The river surface is corridor. 2) the observational scale (grain size) of the study area is decreasing from 4 000 m ~ (2 000 m) to 1 333 m ~ (1 000 m) ~ (1 000 m) ~ (1 000 m) ~ (6 67 m), respectively. With the decreasing of observation scale (grain size) in the study area, the number of patches showed an increasing trend. The response of patch types such as shrub land, paddy field, dry land, other grassland and woodland to the change of observational scale was obvious. The response of tea garden, bare land, river surface and rural residential area to scale change is not obvious. The curve shows a relatively stable trend.) except the relative frequency of matrix (shrub land) does not change with the change of scale, The relative frequency of the other landscape components decreased with the decrease of the scale. The relative frequency of the matrix shrub was 100, which was widely distributed in space and dominant in quantity. Drylands play an active role in the conservation of drylands. 4) as the observational scale (granularity) of the study area decreases gradually, The average fractal dimension (D) of each landscape component is between 1.029-1.959. The corridor (river surface) is the most complex, and the response to the scale change is obvious. The response of the substrate (shrub land) and the main patches to the changes of different scales was similar. With the decrease of the scale, the landscape composition and landscape structure were similar. The fractal dimension of landscape components showed medium and small variation, while the number of patches showed moderate variation. The number of patches is more significant than the fractal dimension of landscape components affected by scale. 5) with the decreasing of observation scale (grain size), the patch stability index (SII) of each landscape gradually increases, and the stability index of rural residential areas is the largest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901

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