本文選題：壽光市　切入點：農村勞動力轉移　出處：《山東農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：壽光市是著名的“中國蔬菜之鄉(xiāng)”。近年來,壽光市的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速。較高的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平,為農村勞動力的轉移提供了較為充足的動力。壽光市以蔬菜產業(yè)起家,所以,壽光市的農村勞動力轉移情況也就注定有屬于自己的“特色”。壽光市農村勞動力轉移分為三個階段。第一階段是冬暖式蔬菜大棚普及初期。壽光市的農村勞動力在這一時期主要集中于蔬菜種植業(yè)。一方面,技術的不斷升級,使蔬菜種植對人工的要求越來越少,產量越來越多,農民獲得的收益也越來越多,由此出現(xiàn)了大量的剩余勞動力。另一方面,由于蔬菜深加工、蔬菜物流等產業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,對勞動力的需求飛速增長。于是,農村勞動力向這些行業(yè)大量轉移。第二階段是產業(yè)多元化發(fā)展時期。在這一階段,壽光市的造紙、建筑、化工、商貿零售、海洋化學、生物制藥、新能源等產業(yè)相繼迸發(fā)出了強勁的活力,農村勞動力的轉移方向也由單一的蔬菜產業(yè)變?yōu)樗行屡d的產業(yè),個體創(chuàng)業(yè)的數(shù)量也大幅增加。第三階段是工業(yè)反哺農業(yè)開始以后。在這一階段,各項政策開始向農村傾斜,農業(yè)稅被取消,農業(yè)生產有了多種補貼。農村勞動力的轉移速度雖然有所減緩,但大的趨勢未發(fā)生變化。2013年,壽光市農村勞動力轉移就業(yè)14.6萬人,這部分人的文化程度大都在中小學水平,但接受過高中以上教育的人員數(shù)量增長較快,農村轉移勞動力的年齡主要在31—50歲之間。農村勞動力轉移的方式大多以親戚、朋友介紹為主,主動外出的情況較少。壽光市農村勞動力轉移依舊面臨著五大因素的制約:(1)隨著各種優(yōu)惠政策向農村傾斜,城市的誘惑力逐漸降低;(2)農村轉移勞動力的文化程度和職業(yè)技能水平比較低,不懂技術成為了制約他們發(fā)展的“硬傷”;(3)農民工依舊得不到與城市人相同的待遇;(4)農民工的合法權益不能得到很好的保障;(5)社會上依舊存在城鄉(xiāng)有別的觀念。針對壽光農村勞動力轉移的現(xiàn)狀和面臨的問題,作者通過實地走訪、專家咨詢等途徑,展開了專題調研。通過研究壽光市的政策環(huán)境,調查農村勞動力在市區(qū)的工作情況、生活狀況、技能情況和對未來的想法,進而對壽光市農村勞動力轉移的發(fā)展歷程、自身特點和存在的問題進行客觀、深入地分析,并且尋找出產生現(xiàn)有問題的原因。通過分析提出了一系列有針對性的建議:(1)通過出臺政策,逐步消除農民與市民的區(qū)別,讓農民工成為真正的市民;(2)進一步加快壽光市的城鎮(zhèn)化進程,提高對農村勞動力的吸納能力;(3)加快產業(yè)的升級改造,使之更加有利于農村勞動力轉移;(4)提高企業(yè)職工的最低工資標準,讓農村轉移勞動力留得住;(5)進一步完善社會保障制度,讓務工的農村勞動力無后顧之憂。最后得出如下結論:(1)農村勞動力轉移在壽光市的發(fā)展歷史上是不可缺少的一個重要章節(jié),也是實現(xiàn)“城鄉(xiāng)一體均衡壽光”所必須直面的問題;(2)壽光市在農村勞動力的轉移方面既具有一定的代表性,也具有自己的特點;(3)本文提出的建議對于情況相似的地區(qū)具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Shouguang City, is the famous "China vegetable village". In recent years, Shouguang City's rapid economic development. The higher the level of economic development, provide more adequate power for the transfer of rural labor force. In Shouguang vegetable industry started, so also has its own "characteristics" doomed situation in Shouguang City the transfer of rural labor. Divided into three stages of rural labor transfer in Shouguang City. The first stage is the early popularity of winter vegetable greenhouse in Shouguang City. The rural labor force in this period mainly concentrated in planting vegetables. On the one hand, the continuous upgrading of technology, the requirement of artificial vegetable planting less yield more and more the farmer gains more and more, resulting in a large number of surplus labor. On the other hand, due to the rapid development of vegetables, vegetable processing, logistics and other industries, the demand for labor in the rapid growth. Yes, a large number of rural labor transfer to these industries. The second stage is the period of industrial diversification. At this stage, the paper, Shouguang City building, chemical industry, retail trade, marine chemistry, bio pharmaceuticals, new energy and other industries have a strong vitality, the direction of transfer of rural labor force is also a single vegetable industry for all the emerging industry, but also a substantial increase in the number of individual entrepreneurs. After the third stage of industry nurturing agriculture began. At this stage, the policy began to rural areas, the agricultural tax was canceled, there are a variety of agricultural production subsidies. Although the speed of rural labor migration has slowed, but the trend did not change.2013 years, rural labor employment 146 thousand Shouguang City, this part of the cultural level mostly in the level of primary and secondary schools, but received high school education above the number of staff growth, rural The transfer of labor age mainly between 31 and 50 years old. The rural labor transfer most of the way to relatives, friends, the initiative to go out less. The transfer of rural labor in Shouguang city still faces five factors: (1) with various preferential policies to the agricultural city village, the temptation to decrease gradually; (2) the culture degree of the transfer of rural labor force and occupation skill level is relatively low, do not understand technology restricts their development "flawed"; (3) migrant workers are still not the same and the city's treatment; (4) the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers can not be well protected; (5) the society still there are other ideas. In view of the present situation of urban and rural areas of rural labor transfer in Shouguang and problems, the author through field visits, expert consultation, launched a special investigation. Through the study of Shouguang City, policy environment, investigation of rural labor Living conditions in the urban areas of the dynamic working conditions, skills and Thoughts on the future development of rural labor transfer and Shouguang City, its characteristics and problems are objective, in-depth analysis, and find the reason produced existing problems. Through the analysis and put forward a series of targeted recommendations: (1) through the introduction of the policy, to gradually eliminate the difference between farmers and citizens, let migrant workers become real citizens; (2) to further accelerate the process of urbanization in Shouguang City, improve the rural labor absorptive capacity; (3) the upgrading speed of the industry, which is more conducive to the transfer of rural labor force; (4) improve the minimum wage of enterprise employees, allow the transfer of rural labor force stay; (5) to further improve the social security system for rural labor workers, no worries. The conclusions are as follows: (1) in the transfer of rural labor force The historical development of Shouguang City is an important section of indispensable, but also to achieve "must face balanced Shouguang" integration of urban and rural issues; (2) the transfer of rural labor in Shouguang City as representative, also has its own characteristics; (3) the proposal presented in this paper has certain reference significance the area is similar to the situation.

【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6;F249.2

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