本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大規(guī)模災(zāi)害 醫(yī)療物資分配 決策偏好 聯(lián)運(yùn)路線優(yōu)化 干擾管理　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大規(guī)模災(zāi)害發(fā)生后,稀缺醫(yī)療物資的合理分配與及時(shí)運(yùn)送具有重要作用,直接影響到災(zāi)區(qū)生命救援效率與效果。不同應(yīng)急情境需要相適應(yīng)的分配與運(yùn)送優(yōu)化方法。本文主要針對(duì)以下應(yīng)急響應(yīng)情境：由于供應(yīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)與需求節(jié)點(diǎn)距離太遠(yuǎn)或關(guān)鍵道路損毀等導(dǎo)致難以僅通過(guò)陸運(yùn)及時(shí)運(yùn)送集散中心物資到各個(gè)醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn),應(yīng)急決策者在對(duì)醫(yī)療物資進(jìn)行合理分配后,采用在集散中心的直升機(jī)運(yùn)送醫(yī)療物資到應(yīng)急中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn),之后采用在中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)的車輛運(yùn)送物資到其覆蓋的醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)。針對(duì)這一應(yīng)急情境下的醫(yī)療物資分配與聯(lián)合運(yùn)送路線優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,本文主要做了以下三方面的貢獻(xiàn)： 首先,對(duì)大規(guī)模災(zāi)害中災(zāi)情信息完全下和災(zāi)情信息不完全下的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資分配方法進(jìn)行了研究。在應(yīng)急響應(yīng)階段,由于物資需求激增,并且很難在緊迫的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備出足夠的物資,因此,往往對(duì)現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)急物資進(jìn)行比例分配。同時(shí)由于應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的復(fù)雜性和不確定性,應(yīng)急決策者需要考慮多種決策因素,而這些因素的信息往往不都是精確的。因此,針對(duì)應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資的稀缺性、歷史數(shù)據(jù)的缺失性、影響因素的異構(gòu)性等,本文基于情境相對(duì)近似度,提出了災(zāi)情信息完全下的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資分配方法,能夠在決策信息為精確值時(shí)為每個(gè)醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)分配與其情境相符的醫(yī)療物資量；同時(shí)針對(duì)應(yīng)急決策信息的不完全性,考慮決策者對(duì)不完全信息的偏好,分別研究了帶區(qū)間災(zāi)情信息和帶模糊災(zāi)情信息的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資分配方法,能夠在情境因素信息為區(qū)間和模糊取值時(shí),為大規(guī)模災(zāi)害中的醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)分配與其情境相匹配的醫(yī)療物資比例。通過(guò)隨機(jī)數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn),與現(xiàn)有相關(guān)方法比較,驗(yàn)證了本文提出方法的有效性和優(yōu)勢(shì)性。 其次,針對(duì)聯(lián)合運(yùn)送路線優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,分別研究了效率導(dǎo)向的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送模型與算法和考慮均衡的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送模型與算法。提出基于模糊C-均值(Fuzzy C-means, FCM)的應(yīng)急中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)選擇和醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)劃分方法,建立基于聚類的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送路線優(yōu)化模型,能夠生成從大型集散中心到應(yīng)急中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)再到醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)的聯(lián)合運(yùn)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)和具體運(yùn)送路線,構(gòu)建了總車輛剩余容量、平均等待時(shí)間和最長(zhǎng)等待時(shí)間三個(gè)績(jī)效指標(biāo),用于衡量應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送的效率與效用；進(jìn)一步針對(duì)常規(guī)FCM劃分中的車輛剩余容量不均衡性,提出一種考慮容量約束的FCMwCC方法,使每個(gè)劃分中的車輛容量盡量保持均衡,以提高車輛使用效率,并針對(duì)常規(guī)FCM劃分中的醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)不均衡性,提出一種考慮數(shù)量約束的FCMwNC方法,使得每個(gè)劃分中的醫(yī)療救助點(diǎn)數(shù)量盡量保持均衡,以縮短聯(lián)合運(yùn)送的平均等待時(shí)間和最長(zhǎng)等待時(shí)間。 第三,針對(duì)聯(lián)合運(yùn)送計(jì)劃實(shí)施過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)變化干擾事件,研究了帶中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)變化的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送干擾恢復(fù)模型與算法。由于原生次生災(zāi)害的發(fā)展與發(fā)生,可能導(dǎo)致已有應(yīng)急中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)不能再使用,或者由于救援工作的開(kāi)展,產(chǎn)生新的中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn),這就會(huì)導(dǎo)致事先已經(jīng)制定的聯(lián)合運(yùn)送方案不能按照原計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。本文從物資到達(dá)時(shí)間、聯(lián)合運(yùn)送路線和使用運(yùn)力三方面進(jìn)行擾動(dòng)度量,建立一個(gè)中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)變化的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送干擾恢復(fù)模型,并通過(guò)改進(jìn)基于客戶的編碼方法和提出基于簡(jiǎn)化策略的種群初始化方法等,設(shè)計(jì)了模型求解的混合遺傳算法。數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了模型與算法的有效性,通過(guò)與重優(yōu)化方法對(duì)比,檢驗(yàn)了干擾管理方法在處理中轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)變化干擾事件中的優(yōu)勢(shì),并為物流配送干擾管理領(lǐng)域提出一個(gè)新的研究方向—聯(lián)合運(yùn)送干擾管理。 本文研究具有一定理論與實(shí)踐意義。提出的基于情境的應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資分配方法,能夠在災(zāi)情信息完全和災(zāi)情信息不完全下對(duì)應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資進(jìn)行分配,為突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急資源分配問(wèn)題提供一種新的方法；建立的“直升機(jī)+車輛”應(yīng)急醫(yī)療物資聯(lián)合運(yùn)送模型和算法及其干擾管理方法,能夠促進(jìn)應(yīng)急物流優(yōu)化和干擾管理理論與方法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Large scale disasters, reasonable allocation of scarce medical supplies and timely delivery plays an important role, directly affects the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster rescue life. Different emergency situations require appropriate distribution and transportation optimization method. This paper focuses on the following situation: emergency response due to supply and demand node node distance or key road damage caused it is difficult to timely delivery of goods to the distribution center for medical assistance only by land, the decision makers in the rational allocation of medical supplies, used in the center of the helicopter carrying medical supplies to the emergency transit point, after the point in transit vehicles transporting goods to the coverage of medical assistance for the distribution of medical supplies. Emergency situations and transportation route optimization problem, this paper mainly do the following three contributions:
First of all, the disaster information completely in large-scale disasters and disaster under incomplete information emergency medical supplies distribution method was studied. The emergency response phase, due to the material demand, and it is very difficult in the short time to prepare enough materials, therefore, often the proportional allocation of emergency supplies. At the same time as the existing the complexity and uncertainty of emergency response, emergency decision makers need to consider multiple decision factors, and these factors are often not accurate information. Therefore, in view of the scarcity of emergency medical supplies, the lack of historical data, the influence factors of heterogeneity, the relative degree of approximation based on the situation, put forward emergency medical supplies allocation method of disaster information completely, in decision information for accurate values for each medical assistance line distribution and its situation of medical supplies; with the corresponding clockwise Incomplete emergency decision information, considering the preference of incomplete information, the emergency medical supplies distribution method with interval disaster information and fuzzy disaster information are studied, and in the interval value fuzzy to situational factors for large-scale disaster information, medical assistance and distribution to match the medical situation the proportion of materials. Through random numerical experiments, compared with the existing methods, verify the validity and superiority of the method proposed in this paper.
Secondly, according to the joint transportation route optimization problem, emergency medical supplies efficiency oriented research respectively combined transport model and algorithm and considering the emergency medical supplies balanced joint delivery model and algorithm is proposed. Based on fuzzy C- means (Fuzzy C-means, FCM) emergency transit point selection and medical assistance division method, the establishment of emergency medical supplies clustering based on the combined transportation route optimization model can be generated to emergency transfer from large distribution center to transport network medical assistance and specific delivery routes, a total vehicle residual capacity, the average waiting time and the longest waiting time of the three performance indicators for the efficiency and effectiveness of the measure of emergency medical supplies combined transport; according to the residual capacity of conventional vehicles in FCM division of imbalance, we propose a FCMwCC method considering the capacity constraint, so that each division Try to keep a balance between the capacity of the vehicle, in order to improve the efficiency of vehicles, and conventional FCM in the division of medical assistance number is not balanced, this paper puts forward a FCMwNC method considering the constraint of the number, number of each division of medical assistance to try to keep a balance, the average waiting time is shortened and the combined transport long waiting time.
Third, according to combined transport plan in the process of implementation of the transit point change of interference events, emergency medical supplies with a transit point change in combined transport disturbance recovery model and algorithm. Due to the development of the primary and secondary disasters occur, may lead to the emergency transfer point can not be used again, or as a result of the rescue work, produce new transit point, it will cause the joint transportation plan has been set in advance cannot be carried out in accordance with the original plan. This paper from the material arrival time, three combined delivery routes and use capacity disturbance measure, the establishment of a transit point of emergency medical supplies combined transport disruption restoration model, and by improving the encoding method and proposed based on customer simplified strategy population initialization method, a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the model. Numerical experiments validate the model and algorithm The effectiveness of the method is verified by comparing with the re optimization method, and the advantage of the interference management method in dealing with the change events of the transition point is verified, and a new research direction for the field of logistics delivery disruption management -- joint transport interference management is put forward.
Has a certain theoretical and practical significance of this study. Emergency medical supplies distribution method is proposed based on the situation, in the disaster and disaster information completely under incomplete information to the allocation of emergency medical supplies, provide a new method for the emergency resource allocation problem; the establishment of the "helicopter + vehicle" combined with emergency medical supplies transport model and algorithm and interference management method, can promote the further development of the theory and method of emergency logistics optimization and interference management.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U116;X4

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本文編號(hào)：1446505