本文關鍵詞：年產(chǎn)50萬噸對二甲苯生產(chǎn)工藝計算　出處：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 對二甲苯(PX) 工藝流程 物料衡算 能量衡算

【摘要】：對二甲苯(PX)是石化工業(yè)的基本有機原料之一,在化纖、合成樹脂、農藥、塑料、醫(yī)藥等眾多化工生產(chǎn)領域有著廣泛的用途,主要用來生產(chǎn)對苯二甲酸(PTA)或對苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)。近年來,由于我國聚酯行業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展,帶動了PTA消費量的猛增,從而導致PX的消費量也快速增長,PX的進口依存度一直高居不下,國內供應增速跟不上需求增長步伐。隨著我國今后幾年PX產(chǎn)能的快速增長,加快PX產(chǎn)業(yè)的清潔、高效綜合發(fā)展已成為我國聚酯行業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一項重要課題。本文通過對傳統(tǒng)、新興工藝方案進行對比分析,選擇一種清潔、經(jīng)濟、高效的工藝路線；采用Aspen Plus軟件完成了各工段流程模擬及全流程的模擬；同時完成了各工段及全流程物料衡算及能量衡算。主要結果如下：(1)原材料是工藝方案的出發(fā)點,它的合理選擇是有效利用資源減少廢物產(chǎn)生的關鍵因素。本文通過查閱資料確定了原料及產(chǎn)品方案。確定以產(chǎn)能過剩的甲醇、混合芳烴為原料,以年產(chǎn)量50萬噸為目標生產(chǎn)對二甲苯,副產(chǎn)包括苯、鄰二甲苯的產(chǎn)品方案。經(jīng)過工藝方案的綜合比較,本文采用歧化與烷基轉移-烷基化-異構化聯(lián)合工藝生產(chǎn)對二甲苯,最大限度地、綜合高效的利用原料中甲苯、乙苯、間二甲苯及碳九混合芳烴,實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品豐富,工藝的清潔。工藝路線分為四個工段單元,即混合芳烴分離工段、甲苯歧化及烷基轉移工段、甲苯甲醇烷基化工段、異構化工段。同時實現(xiàn)了甲醇、氫氣、混合芳烴的循環(huán),變廢為寶,實現(xiàn)高效利用。(2)通過對各單元過程的物料衡算計算,確定了原材料的消耗,主副產(chǎn)品的實際產(chǎn)量及質量指標；確定了氫氣、甲醇、甲苯的循環(huán)量以及損失率等指標；確定了各設備輸入及輸出的物流量、摩爾分率及組成；同時確定了廢氣、廢水排放的位置、數(shù)量及組成,這為后續(xù)三廢處理提供設計依據(jù)；物料衡算為能量衡算計算提供依據(jù)。原材料消耗：混合芳烴79.596萬噸/年,甲醇15.05萬噸/年,氫氣720.28噸/年。主副產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量：對二甲苯50.53萬噸/年,質量分數(shù)99.90%；苯15.53萬噸,質量分數(shù)均在91%以上；鄰二甲苯15.37萬噸/年,質量分數(shù)99.90%；廢水：8.20萬噸/年；廢氣：組分主要為乙烯、丙烷、乙烷、甲醇,甲烷、還含有少量的甲苯,滿足清潔生產(chǎn)的目的。(3)通過能量衡算方法,計算所有塔設備、反應器、氣液分離罐、壓縮機等設備的能量流動。確定了設備的熱負荷,以便為后續(xù)的設備選型及尺寸確定等提供依據(jù)。工藝計算完成了工藝系統(tǒng)設計的基礎工作,然后通過匯總物料衡算及能量衡算數(shù)據(jù),為開展后續(xù)的物流流程圖設計及設備選型提供基礎數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:PX (p-xylene) is one of the basic organic raw materials in petrochemical industry. It is widely used in chemical fiber, synthetic resin, pesticide, plastics, medicine and so on. It is mainly used in the production of terephthalate or dimethyl terephthalate. In recent years, the rapid development of polyester industry in China has led to a rapid increase in PTA consumption. As a result, the consumption of PX has also increased rapidly. The import dependence of PX has been high, the domestic supply growth rate can not keep up with the pace of demand growth, with the rapid growth of PX production capacity in the next few years. Speeding up the clean and efficient comprehensive development of the PX industry has become an important subject for the sustainable development of the polyester industry in China. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the traditional and emerging process schemes and selects a clean and economical one. Efficient process; Aspen Plus software is used to simulate the flow of each section and the whole process. At the same time, the material balance and energy balance of each section and the whole process are completed. The main results are as follows: 1) the raw material is the starting point of the process plan. The reasonable choice of it is the key factor to reduce waste generation by utilizing resources effectively. This paper determines the raw material and product plan by consulting the data, and determines that methanol with excess capacity and mixed aromatics as raw materials. The production of p-xylene is aimed at the annual output of 500,000 tons, and the by-product includes benzene and o-xylene. In this paper, p-xylene is produced by the combined process of disproportionation and alkyltransfer-alkylation-isomerization. The mixture of toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and carbon-nine aromatics in raw materials is utilized to the maximum extent and efficiently. The process route is divided into four sections, that is, mixed aromatic hydrocarbon separation section, toluene disproportionation and alkylation section, toluene and methanol alkylation section. At the same time, the cycle of methanol, hydrogen, mixed aromatics is realized, the waste is changed into treasure, and the material balance of each unit process is calculated to determine the consumption of raw materials. The actual yield and quality index of main and by-product; The circulation rate and loss rate of hydrogen, methanol and toluene were determined. The material flow, molar fraction and composition of input and output of each equipment are determined. At the same time, the location, quantity and composition of waste gas and waste water discharge are determined, which provides the design basis for the following three wastes treatment. Material balance provides basis for energy balance calculation. Raw material consumption: mixed aromatics 795,960 tons / year, methanol 150,500 tons / year. Hydrogen 720.28 tons / year. Main and by-product production: 505,300 tons / year of p-xylene, 99.90 kum by mass fraction; Benzene 155,300 tons, mass fraction above 91%; O-xylene 153,700 tons / year, mass fraction 99.90; Wastewater: 82,000 tons per year; Exhaust gas: the main components are ethylene, propane, ethane, methanol, methane, but also contains a small amount of toluene, to meet the purpose of clean production. The energy flow of gas-liquid separation tank, compressor and other equipment. The heat load of the equipment is determined in order to provide the basis for the subsequent equipment selection and size determination. The process calculation completes the basic work of the process system design. Then the material balance and energy balance data are collected to provide basic data for the subsequent logistics flow chart design and equipment selection.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ241.13

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